Table 1.

Role of peripheral blood basophils in human solid cancers.

Tumor type	Prognostic/predictive role	Reported observation	References
Melanoma	Favourable	Basophilia is associated with improved outcome in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and in newly diagnosed stage I-II melanoma patients	(246, 247)
Ovarian cancer	Favourable	A higher frequency of circulating basophils and the presence of activated basophil signature are associated with improved overall survival in ovarian cancer patients	(248)
Colorectal cancer	Favourable	Low pretreatment basophil counts are associated with worse prognosis and higher tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer patients	(245, 249, 250)
NSCLC	Favourable	Higher basophil counts are associated with increased probability of responding to ICI therapy in two cohorts of stage-IV NSCLC patients	(251)
Glioblastoma	Favourable	Increased pre-operation circulating basophils predict better progression free survival in patients	(252)
Prostate cancer	Unfavourable	Elevated baseline basophils and basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with worse clinical outcomes in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer patients	(253)
Bladder cancer	Unfavourable	Baseline basophil count may predict recurrence in BCG-treated primary bladder cancer patients	(254)
Gastric cancer	Unfavourable	Elevated baseline basophil counts are prognostic for unfavorable clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients treated with ICI plus chemotherapy,	(255)

BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.