Table 1.
Site information in this study.
| Site | Latitude (°N) | Longitude (°E) | Vegetation type | Ecotone | MAT† (°C) | MAP† (mm) | Observation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dangxiong wetland | 30.47 | 91.07 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | 2.96 | 420 | 2009-2013 |
| Dangxiong grassland | 30.85 | 91.08 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -1.98 | 416 | 2004-2011 |
| Shenzha | 30.95 | 88.68 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | 1.89 | 385 | 2016-2019 |
| Naqu grassland1 | 31.37 | 91.90 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -0.38 | 426 | 2008-2008 |
| Naqu grassland2 | 31.64 | 92.01 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -1.60 | 430 | 2012-2017 |
| Ruoergai1 | 33.10 | 102.65 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | 2.37 | 694 | 2013-2017 |
| Ruoergai2 | 33.93 | 102.87 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | 1.90 | 654 | 2008-2009 |
| Sanjiangyuan degraded | 34.35 | 100.55 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -3.24 | 590 | 2006-2008 |
| Sanjiangyuan | 34.41 | 100.40 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -1.61 | 552 | 2005-2008 |
| Fenghuoshan | 34.72 | 92.89 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -6.01 | 301 | 2015-2015 |
| SACOL | 35.95 | 104.13 | Grassland | Loess Plateau | 7.88 | 348 | 2007-2012 |
| Qinghai wetland | 36.70 | 100.78 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | 0.85 | 418 | 2011-2015 |
| Ansai | 36.86 | 109.32 | Grassland | Loess Plateau | 9.68 | 490 | 2012-2014 |
| Haiyan | 36.95 | 100.85 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -0.08 | 435 | 2010-2010 |
| Qinghai lake | 37.58 | 101.33 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | -1.78 | 465 | 2007-2016 |
| Haibei grassland | 37.62 | 101.32 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -2.07 | 469 | 2002-2004 |
| Haibei shrubland | 37.67 | 101.33 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -2.61 | 475 | 2003-2012 |
| Haibei wetland | 37.68 | 101.31 | Wetland | Tibetan Plateau | -2.84 | 475 | 2003-2006 |
| Yanchi | 37.71 | 107.23 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.97 | 309 | 2012-2016 |
| Hexi | 37.87 | 102.83 | Cropland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.99 | 167 | 2014-2018 |
| Yakou | 38.01 | 100.24 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -7.73 | 457 | 2015-2016 |
| Arou | 38.05 | 100.45 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -1.98 | 404 | 2009-2016 |
| Shule | 38.42 | 98.32 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -6.69 | 300 | 2008-2012 |
| Yulin | 38.45 | 109.47 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 7.92 | 376 | 2011-2012 |
| Huazaizi | 38.77 | 100.32 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 6.84 | 264 | 2012-2012 |
| Shenshawo | 38.79 | 100.49 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.38 | 215 | 2012-2012 |
| Dashalong | 38.84 | 98.94 | Grassland | Tibetan Plateau | -6.89 | 342 | 2013-2016 |
| Daman | 38.86 | 100.37 | Cropland | Arid and semiarid areas | 6.91 | 220 | 2012-2018 |
| Bajitan | 38.92 | 100.30 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.41 | 211 | 2014-2014 |
| Tazhong. | 38.96 | 83.65 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 11.96 | 31 | 2009-2013 |
| Zhangye | 38.98 | 100.45 | Wetland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.67 | 188 | 2012-2014 |
| Linze | 39.32 | 100.13 | Cropland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.89 | 161 | 2008-2008 |
| Kubuqi grassland | 40.38 | 108.55 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.03 | 228 | 2006-2006 |
| Kubuqi forestland | 40.54 | 108.69 | Forestland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 7.44 | 227 | 2005-2006 |
| Siziwang fenced | 41.79 | 111.89 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 3.53 | 216 | 2010-2011 |
| Siziwang grazing | 41.79 | 111.90 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 3.50 | 219 | 2010-2011 |
| Qidaoqiao | 41.98 | 101.17 | Forestland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.36 | 35 | 2013-2016 |
| Heihe mixed forestland | 41.99 | 101.13 | Forestland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.21 | 40 | 2013-2013 |
| Heihe-luodi | 42.00 | 101.13 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.18 | 41 | 2012-2012 |
| Sidaoqiao | 42.00 | 101.14 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.26 | 40 | 2013-2014 |
| Heihe cropland | 42.00 | 101.13 | Cropland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.26 | 40 | 2013-2013 |
| Duolun cropland | 42.05 | 116.67 | Cropland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 3.23 | 409 | 2005-2006 |
| Duolun grassland | 42.05 | 116.28 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 3.05 | 400 | 2005-2006 |
| Heihe desert | 42.11 | 100.99 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 8.73 | 34 | 2015-2015 |
| Naiman | 42.92 | 120.70 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 7.15 | 432 | 2015-2017 |
| Keerqin | 43.34 | 122.65 | Wetland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 7.02 | 474 | 2016-2016 |
| Xinlinhot fenced | 43.55 | 116.67 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 1.03 | 320 | 2006-2008 |
| Xinlinhot degraded | 43.55 | 116.67 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 1.03 | 320 | 2006-2006 |
| Xilinguole | 44.08 | 113.57 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 2.62 | 198 | 2008-2010 |
| Xinlinhot stipa | 44.13 | 116.33 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 1.84 | 274 | 2004-2006 |
| Maodeng | 44.16 | 116.49 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | 1.46 | 284 | 2013-2017 |
| Wulanwusu | 44.28 | 85.82 | Cropland | Arid and semiarid areas | 7.34 | 140 | 2009-2013 |
| Fukang | 44.28 | 87.93 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 6.69 | 174 | 2002-2012 |
| Aibi lake | 44.62 | 83.57 | Grassland | Arid and semiarid areas | 9.02 | 158 | 2012-2015 |
| Hulunbeier | 49.35 | 120.10 | Grassland | Agro-pastoral ecotone | -2.51 | 369 | 2009-2010 |
†MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual temperature.