Table 3.
Urogenital schistosomiasis awareness and knowledge among women of reproductive age by sociodemographic characteristics
| Awareness/knowledge item | Age group (%) |
Time lived in the village (%) |
Level of education (%) |
Occupation (%) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <18 years | ≥18 years | P-value | <1 year | 1–5 years | ˃5 years | P-value | Informal | Formal | P-value | Peasant | Student | Petty business | Housewife | P-value | |
| Heard about schistosomiasis (n=216) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 121 (98.4) | 78 (83.9) | <0.001 | 9 (75.0) | 85 (96.6) | 105 (90.5) | 0.021 | 9 (100.0) | 190 (91.2) | 0.471a | 38 (92.7) | 122 (100.0) | 19 (73.1) | 20 (74.1) | 0.001a |
| Source of information (n=199) | |||||||||||||||
| Television | 24 (19.8) | 6 (7.7) | <0.001 | 1 (11.1) | 19 (22.4) | 10 (9.5) | 0.021a | 0 (0.0) | 30 (15.8) | 0.009a | 3 (7.8) | 24 (19.7) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (5.0) | 0.001a |
| Health expert | 73 (60.3) | 38 (48.7) | 7 (77.8) | 50 (58.8) | 54 (51.4) | 2 (22.2) | 109 (57.4) | 19 (50.0) | 75 (61.5) | 10 (52.6) | 7 (35.0) | ||||
| Radio | 16 (13.2) | 14 (17.9) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (10.6) | 21 (20.0) | 3 (33.3) | 27 (14.2) | 8 (21.1) | 15 (12.3) | 5 (26.4) | 2 (10.0) | ||||
| Other | 8 (6.6) | 20 (25.6) | 1 (11.1) | 7 (8.2) | 20 (19.0) | 4 (44.5) | 24 (12.6) | 8 (21.1) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (10.5) | 10 (50.0) | ||||
| Know anything about schistosomiasis (n=216) | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 119 (96.7) | 67 (72.0) | <0.001 | 8 (66.7) | 80 (90.9) | 98 (84.5) | 0.057 | 8 (88.9) | 178 (86.0) | 0.637a | 34 (82.9) | 120 (98.4) | 16 (61.5) | 16 (59.3) | 0.001a |
| Causative agent of schistosomiasis (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Worms | 19 (16.0) | 10 (14.9) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 9 (11.2) | 20 (20.4) | <0.001a | 1 (12.5) | 28 (15.7) | 0.178a | 7 (20.6) | 17 (14.2) | 3 (18.8) | 2 (12.5) | <0.001a |
| Virus, bacteria or fungus | 92 (77.3) | 22 (32.8) | 7 (87.5) | 65 (81.2) | 42 (42.9) | 3 (37.5) | 111 (62.4) | 9 (26.5) | 95 (79.2) | 6 (37.5) | 4 (25.0) | ||||
| I don't know | 8 (6.7) | 35 (52.3) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (7.5) | 36 (36.7) | 4 (50.0) | 39 (21.9) | 18 (52.9) | 8 (6.7) | 7 (43.7) | 10 (62.5) | ||||
| Walking bare foot | 12 (10.1) | 3 (4.1) | <0.001 | 1 (12.5) | 8 (10.0) | 6 (6.1) | 0.136a | 1 (12.5) | 14 (7.9) | 0.001a | 3 (8.8) | 11 (9.2) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001a |
| Swimming in polluted water | 7 (5.9) | 5 (7.5) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (5.0) | 7 (7.1) | 2 (25.0) | 10 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (6.7) | 1 (6.2) | 3 (18.8) | ||||
| Prolonged water contact | 99 (83.2) | 46 (68.7) | 6 (75.0) | 66 (82.5) | 73 (74.5) | 1 (12.5) | 144 (80.9) | 25 (73.5) | 101 (84.2) | 11 (68.8) | 8 (50.0) | ||||
| I don't know | 1 (0.8) | 13 (19.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | 12 (12.2) | 4 (50.0) | 10 (5.6) | 6 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (18.8) | 5 (31.2) | ||||
| Relationship between snails and urogenital schistosomiasis (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Transmit schistosomiasis | 35 (29.4) | 6 (9.0) | <0.001 | 1 (12.5) | 23 (28.8) | 17 (17.3) | <0.001a | 1 (12.5) | 40 (22.5) | 0.004a | 3 (8.8) | 36 (30.0) | 1 (6.2) | 1 (6.2) | <0.001a |
| Support life cycle | 62 (52.1) | 13 (19.4) | 5 (62.5) | 46 (57.5) | 24 (24.5) | 0 (0.0) | 75 (42.1) | 7 (20.6) | 63 (52.5) | 5 (31.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| No relationship | 16 (13.4) | 12 (17.9) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (8.8) | 20 (20.4) | 4 (50.0) | 24 (13.5) | 5 (14.7) | 16 (13.3) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (31.3) | ||||
| I don't know | 6 (5.0) | 36 (53.7) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (5.0) | 37 (37.8) | 3 (37.5) | 39 (21.9) | 19 (55.9) | 5 (4.2) | 8 (50.0) | 10 (62.5) | ||||
| Symptoms of urogenital schistosomiasis (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Haematuria | 55 (46.2) | 43 (64.2) | <0.001a | 5 (62.5) | 34 (42.5) | 59 (60.2) | 0.030a | 5 (62.5) | 93 (52.2) | 0.786a | 24 (70.6) | 54 (45.0) | 10 (62.5) | 10 (62.5) | 0.001a |
| Skin rashes | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (20.6) | 65 (54.2) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (31.3) | ||||
| Micturition | 63 (52.9) | 20 (29.9) | 2 (25.0) | 45 (56.2) | 36 (36.7) | 3 (37.5) | 80 (44.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| I don't know | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.0) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.2) | 3 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.2) | ||||
| Treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Traditional healers | 8 (6.7) | 4 (6.0) | <0.001 | 2 (25.0) | 2 (2.5) | 8 (8.2) | <0.001a | 0 (0.0) | 12 (6.7) | 0.028a | 1 (2.9) | 8 (6.7) | 1 (6.2) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Praziquantel | 74 (62.2) | 21 (31.3) | 4 (50.0) | 51 (63.8) | 40 (40.8) | 1 (12.5) | 94 (52.8) | 14 (41.2) | 76 (63.3) | 5 (31.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Self-recovering | 31 (26.1) | 6 (9.0) | 1 (12.5) | 24 (30.0) | 12 (12.2) | 2 (25.0) | 35 (19.7) | 3 (8.8) | 31 (25.8) | 1 (6.2) | 2 (12.5) | ||||
| I don't know | 6 (5.0) | 36 (53.7) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (3.8) | 38 (38.8) | 5 (62.5) | 37 (20.8) | 16 (47.1) | 5 (4.2) | 9 (56.2) | 12 (75.0) | ||||
| Prevention against urogenital schistosomiasis (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Drink safe water | 16 (13.4) | 4 (6.0) | <0.001a | 0 (0.0) | 8 (10.0) | 12 (12.2) | 0.001a | 1 (12.5) | 19 (10.7) | 0.752a | 2 (5.9) | 16 (13.3) | 1 (6.2) | 1 (6.2) | 0.001a |
| Wear boots when in water | 92 (77.3) | 35 (52.2) | 6 (75.0) | 66 (82.5) | 55 (56.1) | 5 (62.5) | 122 (68.5) | 19 (55.9) | 94 (78.3) | 8 (50.0) | 6 (37.5) | ||||
| Avoid hand shaking | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| I don't know | 10 (8.4) | 28 (41.8) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (7.5) | 30 (30.6) | 2 (25.0) | 36 (20.2) | 13 (38.2) | 9 (7.6) | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.2) | ||||
| Overall knowledge (n=186) | |||||||||||||||
| Poor | 2 (1.7) | 7 (10.4) | 0.011 | 1 (12.5) | 4 (5.0) | 4 (4.1) | 0.072a | 2 (25.0) | 7 (3.9) | 0.023a | 2 (5.9) | 2 (1,7) | 1 (6.2) | 4 (25.0) | 0.002a |
| Average | 80 (67.2) | 47 (70.1) | 6 (75.0) | 47 (58.8) | 74 (75.5) | 6 (75.0) | 121 (68.0) | 24 (70.6) | 79 (65.8) | 12 (75.0) | 12 (75.0) | ||||
| Good | 37 (31.1) | 13 (19.4) | 1 (12.5) | 29 (36.2) | 20 (20.4) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (28.1) | 8 (23.8) | 39 (32.5) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
a
Fisher's exact test.