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. 2022 Dec 13;8(12):e12213. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12213

Table 3.

Knowledge of ocular chemical injuries and proper immediate action.

Question/Statement Frequency Percent
Ocular chemical injury can cause ocular complications
 I agree∗ 510 95.1
 I don't agree 7 1.3
 I don't know 19 3.5
What damage can ocular chemical injury cause?
 Blindness∗ 76 14.2
 Perforation∗ 7 1.3
 Scarring∗ 9 1.7
 Blindness, perforation, Scarring 47 8.8
 Cancer 6 1.1
 Keratoconus 8 1.5
 Cataract 9 1.7
 Multiple incorrect choices 374 69.8
What are materials that commonly cause ocular injuries?
 Chloride and detergents∗ 81 15.1
 Battery materials∗ 20 3.7
 Vinegar∗ 1 .2
 One or more correct choices 418 78.0
 Water 16 3.0
What is your immediate action when exposed to ocular chemical injury?
 Irrigation of eye with a large amount of water∗ 317 59.1
 Going to emergency department 155 28.9
 Irrigation of eye with small amount of water 40 7.5
 Using eye drops from pharmacy 13 2.4
 Covering the eye 11 2.1
What will you use to treat ocular chemical injury?
 An acidic substance if the injury substance is alkalic (Example: vinegar) 40 7.5
 An alkalic substance if the injury substance is acidic (Example: soap) 25 4.7
 Water in both cases∗ 374 69.8
 An acidic substance if the injury substance is alkalic (ex: vinegar) 40 7.5
 I don't know 97 18.1
Management varies according to the substance of ocular injury
 I agree 64 11.9
 I don't agree∗ 433 80.8
 I don't know 39 7.3
What is the optimal duration of eye washing following ocular chemical injury?
 5–15 min 247 46.1
 <5 min 148 27.6
 30 min or more∗ 39 7.3
 I don't know 102 19.0
Severity of pain indicate severity of ocular chemical injury
 I agree 72 13.4
 I don't agree∗ 371 69.2
 I don't know 93 17.4
Eye rubbing after chemical exposure increases the severity of ocular injury
 I agree∗ 51 9.5
 I don't agree 463 86.4
 I don't know 22 4.1
What is the most serious sign of ocular injury?
 Eye redness 173 32.3
 Eye whit discoloration∗ 66 12.3
 Eyelid sticking 171 31.9
 Severe pain 126 23.5
Do you think that wearing contact lenses protect against ocular chemical injury?
 I agree 92 17.2
 I don't agree∗ 110 20.5
 I don't know 334 62.3
In case of ocular chemical injury, you should remove contact lens
 I agree∗ 138 25.7
 I don't agree 321 59.9
 I don't know 77 14.4
Do you think that wearing goggles lowers the risk of ocular injury?
 I agree∗ 29 5.4
 I don't agree 488 91.0
 I don't know 19 3.5
After handling chemical materials, you should wash your hands before touching the eye
 I agree∗ 17 3.2
 I don't agree 509 95.0
 I don't know 10 1.9