Table 2.
Average treatment effect on treated (ATT) for area and individual impacts after 3, 5 and 7 years with PSM controls
| Indicator | Unit | Baseline mean (2011) | ATT | ATT% | |||
| Never-treated | Treated | 3 years | 5 years | 7 years | 5 years | ||
| Area impacts—interventions initiated 2012–2018 | |||||||
| SAMHI | Index score | −1.4 | −1.6 | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.02) | −0.12 (−0.14 to −0.09) | −0.27 (−0.29 to −0.24) | −7.5% (−5.6 to −8.8) |
| Prescription | Antidepressant treatment days per pop | 15.5 | 13.1 | −0.19 (−0.33 to −0.04) | −0.71 (−0.95 to −0.48) | −1.81 (−2.13 to −1.49) | −5.4% (−3.7 to −7.3) |
| Benefits | %pop | 2.5 | 2.4 | −8.5% (−11 to −5.8) | −9.6% (−14 to −5.5) | −4.3% (−10 to 2.3) | −9.6% (−14 to −5.5) |
| Diagnosis | %pop | 4.3 | 3.5 | −0.17 (−0.26 to −0.08) | −0.42 (−0.57 to −0.27) | −1.5 (−1.62 to −1.37) | −12% (−7.7 to −16.3) |
| Admission | z-score | −0.71 | −0.54 | 24% (−11 to 72) | −44% (−66 to −9.9) | −23% (−58 to 40) | −44% (−66 to −9.9) |
| ASB | Calls per 10 k pop | 495 | 537 | −3.8% (−7.8 to.41) | −15% (−21 to −8.2) | −12% (−22 to −1.2) | −15% (−21 to −8.2) |
| Pop turnover | %households moving+1 year | 5.5 | 5.2 | 0.39 (0.29 to 0.5) | 1.38 (1.15 to 1.6) | 0.86 (0.57 to 1.14) | 26.5% (22.1 to 30.8) |
| Individual impacts—interventions initiated 2012 | |||||||
| Anxious | 0–10 scale | 3.5 | 4.2 | 0.09 (−0.72 to 0.9) | 0.35 (−0.5 to 1.21) | 0.59 (−0.28 to 1.45) | 8.3% (−11.9 to 5) |
| Happy | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7.1 | −0.14 (−0.78 to 0.5) | −0.68 (−1.36 to −0.005) | 0.03 (−0.62 to 0.68) | −9.6% (−19.2 to −0.1) |
| Satisfied | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7.2 | −0.31 (−0.83 to 0.2) | −0.65 (−1.2 to −0.01) | −0.24 (−0.78 to 0.29) | −9% (−16.7 to −0.1) |
| Worthwhile | 0–10 scale | 7.5 | 7.4 | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) | −0.4 (−0.99 to 0.18) | −0.48 (-1.02 to 0.06) | −5.4% (−13.4 to 2.4) |
| Years at address | Years | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.2 (−0.79 to 1.12) | 0.16 (−0.95 to 1.27) | 1.1 (−0.03 to 2.23) | 4.4% (−26.4 to 35.3) |
| Individual impacts—intervention initiated 2014 | |||||||
| Anxious | 0–10 scale | 3.5 | 3.2 | −1.05 (−2.35 to 0.26) | −0.001 (−1.29 to 1.28) | N/A | 0% (−40.3 to 40) |
| Happy | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7.2 | 0.02 (−0.99 to 1.02) | −0.41 (−1.44 to 0.63) | N/A | −5.7% (−20 to 8.8) |
| Satisfied | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7.1 | 1.13 (0.32 to 1.93) | 0.4 (−0.44 to 1.25) | N/A | 5.6% (−6.2 to 17.6) |
| Worthwhile | 0–10 scale | 7.5 | 7.6 | −0.05 (−0.82 to 0.71) | 0.31 (−0.5 to 1.11) | N/A | 4.1% (−6.6 to 14.6) |
| Years at address | Years | 2.9 | 2.7 | −1.48 (−2.99 to 0.03) | −0.55 (−2.01 to 1) | N/A | −20.4% (−74.4 to 37) |
| Individual impacts – Intervention initiated 2015 | |||||||
| Anxious | 0–10 scale | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.71 (−0.03 to 1.44) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Happy | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7.5 | −0.19 (−0.73 to 0.35) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Satisfied | 0–10 scale | 7.2 | 7 | −0.15 (−0.62 to 0.31) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Worthwhile | 0–10 scale | 7.5 | 7 | 0.01 (−0.48 to 0.5) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Years at address | Years | 2.9 | 2.7 | −0.65 (−1.64 to 0.33) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
ATT given as ATT% for Ln-transformed indicators (benefits, admission, ASB). For individual impacts, ATT adjusted for time-varying sociodemographic covariates and relate to the interventions initiated in 2012, 2014 and 2015. ATT values significant at 5% alpha level shown in bold face.
ASB, antisocial behaviour calls; N/A, not applicable; pop, population; PSM, propensity score matching; SAMHI, Small Area Mental Health Index.