Fig. 5.

A. Scheme showing in situ rapid gelation of Chlorella AuNRs BSA-Gel that generated oxygen for overcoming hypoxia [96]. B. Schematic diagram of the hypoxia-resistant PDT induced by the ALGAE system. C. Schematic illustration of the cellular experiment with 4T1 cells treated with Ce6, Ce6-ALGAE under 635 ​nm laser light. D. The images that were stained by the hypoxic probe in cells irradiated with or without ALGAE by confocal microscopy (LSCM). E. The cellular expression of HIF-1α with or without ALGAE after irradiation. F. LSCM images of the intracellular ROS production. G. Cell viability of conventional PDT with or without ALGAE under hypoxic and normoxic conditions [99]. Adapted with permission from Ref. [96] Copyright 2019, Elsevier; Adapted with permission from Ref. [99] Copyright 2019, Elsevier.