. 2022 Dec 26:1–50. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10824-022-09466-3

Table 5.

Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model estimates for museum visits and handheld

Variables	Model 1A—Coefficients		Model 1A—Marginal Effects
Variables	Musego	Handheld	Pr(mus=1,hand=1)	Pr(mus=1,hand=0)	Pr(mus=0,hand=1)	Pr(mus=0,hand=0)
Handheld	1.342		0.043***	0.299	−0.043***	−0.299
	(1.305)		(0.012)	(0.280)	(0.012)	(0.280)
Musego
Reference group: age1 (18-24)
Age2 (25–34)	−0.317	0.209	0.001	−0.082	0.038	0.043
	(0.230)	(0.246)	(0.015)	(0.053)	(0.034)	(0.059)
Age3 (35–44)	−0.0729	−0.0672	−0.006	−0.013	−0.007	0.025
	(0.252)	(0.284)	(0.019)	(0.059)	(0.038)	(0.067)
Age4 (45–54)	0.0773	−0.290	−0.013	0.033	−0.041	0.021
	(0.269)	(0.321)	(0.023)	(0.061)	(0.042)	(0.073)
Age5 (55–64)	0.390	−0.0130	0.012	0.088	−0.014	−0.085
	(0.265)	(0.299)	(0.018)	(0.063)	(0.045)	(0.067)
Age6 (65+)	0.396	0.0334	0.015	0.086	−0.008	−0.093
	(0.308)	(0.361)	(0.011)	(0.063)	(0.055)	(0.081)
Reference group: male
Female	0.357***	−0.0231	0.010	0.081***	−0.015	−0.076**
	(0.136)	(0.157)	(0.012)	(0.033)	(0.024)	(0.034)
Reference group: white
Black	−0.648***	0.0979	−0.015	−0.150***	0.034	0.131**
	(0.243)	(0.276)	(0.019)	(0.061)	(0.044)	(0.061)
Otherrace	−0.210	0.156	0.002	−0.055	0.027	0.026
	(0.226)	(0.258)	(0.015)	(0.056)	(0.037)	(0.054)
Edu (Associate/university degree)	0.492***	0.344**	0.035	0.091**	0.029	−0.155***
	(0.188)	(0.173)	(0.026)	(0.040)	(0.039)	(0.040)
Children_arts_school	0.547**	0.517**	−0.011	0.094*	0.051	−0.191***
	(0.275)	(0.211)	(0.018)	(0.054)	(0.036)	(0.063)
Reference group: employ (employed)
Unemp (unemployed)	0.151	−0.292	−0.011	0.050	−0.044	0.005
	(0.290)	(0.345)	(0.018)	(0.072)	(0.051)	(0.068)
Notforce (not in the labor force)	−0.151	−0.398*	−0.026	−0.012	−0.048	0.086
	(0.246)	(0.239)	(0.023)	(0.057)	(0.038)	(0.038)
Reference group: Office and administrative support occupations
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	−0.260	−0.0252	−0.010	−0.057	0.005	0.062
	(0.270)	(0.281)	(0.019)	(0.066)	(0.039)	(0.064)
Professional and related occupations	0.0154	−0.0113	−0.0001	0.004	−0.002	−0.002
	(0.251)	(0.248)	(0.014)	(0.061)	(0.036)	(0.057)
Service occupations	−0.0773	−0.527	−0.031	0.011	−0.067*	0.087
	(0.291)	(0.323)	(0.035)	(0.061)	(0.039)	(0.074)
Sales and related occupations	0.147	0.0870	0.010	0.028	0.007	−0.044
	(0.303)	(0.312)	(0.018)	(0.073)	(0.046)	(0.071)
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	−5.559***	−5.877***	−0.499*	−0.919***	−0.602**	2.020***
	(0.310)	(0.419)	(0.317)	(0.174)	(0.308)	(0.173)
Constructions and extraction occupations	−0.226	−0.0125	−0.008	−0.050	0.006	0.052
	(0.627)	(0.460)	(0.027)	(0.149)	(0.070)	(0.133)
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	−0.220	−0.693	−0.045	−0.011	−0.085	0.141
	(0.455)	(0.525)	(0.038)	(0.112)	(0.085)	(0.095)
Production occupations	−0.167	−1.304***	−0.076	0.034	−0.168**	0.210**
	(0.408)	(0.483)	(0.048)	(0.091)	(0.081)	(0.106)
Transportation and material moving occupations	−0.113	−0.692	−0.041	0.012	−0.088	0.117
	(0.480)	(0.626)	(0.057)	(0.103)	(0.030)	(0.140)
Reference group: hinc1 (less than 25.000 USD)
Hinc2 (25,000 to 49,000 USD)	0.0642	−0.0365	0.0001	0.016	−0.007	−0.009
	(0.185)	(0.224)	(0.014)	(0.043)	(0.030)	(0.052)
Hinc3 (50,000 to 99,999 USD)	0.179	0.106	0.012	0.034	0.008	−0.054
	(0.177)	(0.227)	(0.018)	(0.041)	(0.030)	(0.050)
Hinc4 (more than 100,000 USD)	0.516**	0.208	0.028	0.103**	0.011	−0.143**
	(0.236)	(0.259)	(0.032)	(0.051)	(0.033)	(0.067)
Reference group: married
Widowed	−0.177	−0.00541	−0.006	−0.039	0.005	0.040
	(0.321)	(0.382)	(0.022)	(0.076)	(0.054)	(0.085)
Single	0.436*	0.270	0.029	0.082	0.022	0.133***
	(0.244)	(0.189)	(0.023)	(0.054)	(0.040)	(0.051)
Divorced	0.117	−0.139	−0.004	0.0234	−0.022	−0.008
	(0.178)	(0.224)	(0.012)	(0.044)	(0.032)	(0.045)
Nchild	−0.160*		−0.005	−0.036*	0.005	0.036*
	(0.0977)		(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.005)	(0.022)
Disa	0.0751	−0.0647	−0.001	0.020	−0.011	−0.008
	(0.202)	(0.263)	(0.016)	(0.046)	(0.036)	(0.059)
Reference group: central
Balance	−0.267*	−0.103	−0.014	−0.054	−0.005	0.073**
	(0.152)	(0.168)	(0.014)	(0.035)	(0.005)	(0.037)
Nometro	−0.415*	−0.0514	−0.016	−0.090*	0.007	0.099*
	(0.222)	(0.255)	(0.022)	(0.052)	(0.036)	(0.060)
Others	−0.229	−0.184	−0.017	−0.041	−0.017	0.075
	(0.193)	(0.223)	(0.021)	(0.041)	(0.030)	(0.0354)
Internet_use		−0.217**	−0.012	0.011	−0.029**	0.029**
		(0.0977)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.014)	(0.014)
$ρ$		−0.206
		(0.783)
c²		3056,15
		(0.000)
Log likelihood		−6685953,4
AIC		13400000
BIC		13400000
Constant	−1.291***	−0.959**
	(0.393)	(0.438)
Observations	812	812	812	812	812	812

Variables	Model 1B—Coefficients		Model 1B—Marginal Effects
Variables	Musego	Handheld	Pr(mus=1,hand=1)	Pr(mus=1,hand=0)	Pr(mus=0,hand=1)	Pr(mus=0,hand=0)
Handheld
Musego		2.274***	0.114***	−0.114***	0.260***	−0.260***
		(0.387)	(0.044)	(0.044)	(0.017)	(0.017)
Reference group: age1 (18−24)
Age2 (25–34)	−0.152	0.326	−0.007	−0.050	0.047	−0.036
	(0.210)	(0.219)	(0.014)	(0.051)	(0.031)	(0.043)
Age3 (35–44)	−0.119	−0.0133	−0.008	−0.025	0.005	0.028
	(0.233)	(0.252)	(0.014)	(0.058)	(0.037)	(0.047)
Age4 (45–54)	−0.0526	−0.319	−0.019	0.004	−0.033	0.048
	(0.251)	(0.279)	(0.15)	(0.062)	(0.042)	(0.055)
Age5 (55–64)	0.278	−0.395	−0.004	0.081	−0.061*	−0.016
	(0.241)	(0.254)	(0.014)	(0.060)	(0.037)	(0.047)
Age6 (65+)	0.270	−0.366	−0.003	0.078	−0.057	−0.0918
	(0.277)	(0.297)	(0.014)	(0.069)	(0.044)	(0.056)
Reference group: male
Female	0.327**	−0.283*	0.005	0.087***	−0.051**	−0.040
	(0.129)	(0.160)	(0.008)	(0.031)	(0.022)	(0.027)
Reference group: white
Black	−0.670***	0.527**	−0.012	−0.175***	0.099***	0.088**
	(0.217)	(0.238)	(0.014)	(0.053)	(0.034)	(0.046)
Otherrace	−0.234	0.219	−0.002	−0.063	0.038	0.027
	(0.219)	(0.261)	(0.012)	(0.057)	(0.038)	(0.041)
Edu (associate/university degree)	0.616***	−0.140	0.029***	0.144***	−0.051*	−0.120***
	(0.134)	(0.196)	(0.008)	(0.032)	(0.029)	(0.037)
Children_arts_school	0.835***	0.111	0.054	0.179***	−0.036	−0.198***
	(0.195)	(0.232)	(0.014)	(0.045)	(0.041)	(0.046)
Reference group: employ (employed)
Unemp (unemployed)	0.0814	−0.200	−0.004	0.028	−0.028	0.005
	(0.279)	(0.344)	(0.015)	(0.047)	(0.051)	(0.0649
Notforce (not in the labor force)	−0.258	−0.206	−0.025	−0.047	−0.009	0.081**
	(0.215)	(0.263)	(0.012)	(0.056)	(0.041)	(0.040)
Reference group: Office and administrative support occupations
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	−0.146	0.0802	−0.004	−0.036	0.018	0.023
	(0.263)	(0.296)	(0.015)	(0.067)	(0.043)	(0.051)
Professional and related occupations	0.0151	−0.111	−0.005	0.009	−0.014	0.009
	(0.232)	(0.270)	(0.012)	(0.061)	(0.041)	(0.040)
Service occupations	−0.0862	−0.400	−0.025*	0.001	−0.041	0.065
	(0.250)	(0.297)	(0.014)	(0.063)	(0.044)	(0.060)
Sales and related occupations	0.0977	−0.122	−0.001	0.028	−0.020	−0.008
	(0.285)	(0.327)	(0.014)	(0.074)	(0.049)	(0.050)
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	−8.572***	−8.622***	−0.929***	−1.465***	−0.490*	2.884***
	(0.239)	(0.378)	(0.232)	(0.206)	(0.302)	(0.265)
Construction and extraction occupations	−0.342	0.0207	−0.019	−0.077	0.022	0.073
	(0.541)	(0.487)	(0.026)	(0.136)	(0.078)	(0.099)
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	−0.488	−0.420	−0.049*	−0.087	−0.020	0.156**
	(0.406)	(0.568)	(0.028)	(0.109)	(0.083)	(0.072)
Production occupations	−0.276	−0.865*	−0.059**	−0.018	−0.083	0.160
	(0.366)	(0.503)	(0.027)	(0.097)	(0.075)	(0.104)
Transportation and material moving occupations	−0.0415	−0.542	−0.030	0.018	−0.059	0.071
	(0.418)	(0.479)	(0.031)	(0.098)	(0.064)	(0.113)
Reference group: hinc1 (less than 25.000 USD)
Hinc2 (25,000 to 49,000 USD)	0.0227	−0.112	−0.004	0.011	−0.014	0.008
	(0.176)	(0.182)	(0.012)	(0.042)	(0.025)	(0.039)
Hinc3 (50,000 to 99,999 USD)	0.0907	−0.0875	0.001	0.024	−0.015	−0.010
	(0.179)	(0.202)	(0.013)	(0.042)	(0.026)	(0.043)
Hinc4 (more than 100,000 USD)	0.504**	−0.199	0.019	0.122***	−0.052*	−0.089**
	(0.204)	(0.228)	(0.012)	(0.046)	(0.028)	(0.47)
Reference group: married
Widowed	−0.209	0.233	−0.0003	−0.058	0.039	0.020
	(0.299)	(0.307)	(0.017)	(0.074)	(0.046)	(0.059)
Single	0.410**	−0.241	0.012	0.103**	0.051	0.063***
	(0.183)	(0.201)	(0.011)	(0.043)	(0.028)	(0.042)
Divorced	−0.0174	−0.218	−0.012	0.007	−0.024	0.029
	(0.179)	(0.226)	(0.012)	(0.05)	(0.037)	(0.037)
Nchild	−0.284***		−0.016*	−0.063***	0.016**	0.063***
	(0.0952)		(0.011)	(0.020)	(0.008)	(0.020)
Disa	0.0870	−0.0832	0.001	0.023	−0.011	−0.010
	(0.199)	(0.210)	(0.013)	(0.049)	(0.036)	(0.042)
Reference group: central
Balance	−0.265*	0.153	−0.008	−0.066**	0.033	0.042
	(0.135)	(0.162)	(0.008)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.029)
Nometro	−0.380*	0.272	−0.008	−0.098*	0.053*	0.053
	(0.210)	(0.224)	(0.012)	(0.052)	(0.032)	(0.043)
Others	−0.194	0.0633	−0.008	−0.046	0.018	0.036
	(0.183)	(0.205)	(0.013)	(0.043)	(0.018)	(0.046)
Internet_use		−0.176**	−0.009***	0.001**	−0.020**	0.020*
		(0.0856)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.011)	(0.011)
$ρ$		−0.845***
		(0.068)
c²		11889,78
		(0.000)
Log likelihood		−6615555,6
AIC		13200000
BIC		13200000
Constant	−0.994***	−1.022**
	(0.368)	(0.406)
Observations	812	812	812	812	812	812

See Table 3