Table 4. Medications used by the participants.
Variables | FMS group | CLBP group | Healthy control group | p | |||
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Drug using before pandemic | <0.001** | ||||||
Amitriptyline | 12 | 2.6‡ | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Food supplement | 5 | 1.1† | 12 | 2.7 | 34 | 7.7‡ | |
Duloxetine | 206 | 44.9‡ | 33 | 7.5† | 2 | 0.5† | |
Gabapentin | 10 | 2.2 | 17 | 3.9‡ | 0 | 0.0† | |
Muscle relaxants | 42 | 9.2 | 81 | 18.4‡ | 4 | 0.9† | |
Muscle relaxants topical | 3 | 0.7 | 12 | 2.74 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Not using | 34 | 7.4† | 126 | 28.6† | 385 | 87.5‡ | |
NSAID oral | 34 | 7.4 | 96 | 21.8‡ | 2 | 0.5 | |
NSAID topical | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 3.9‡ | 1 | 0.2 | |
Paracetamol | 10 | 2.2 | 19 | 4.3 | 11 | 2.5 | |
Pregabalin | 63 | 13.7‡ | 20 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0† | |
Pregabalin-Duloxetine | 15 | 3.3‡ | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
SSRI | 25 | 5.4‡ | 4 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.2† | |
Tramadol | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Drug using after pandemic | <0.001** | ||||||
Amitriptyline | 14 | 3.0 | 7 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Food supplement | 9 | 2.0† | 20 | 4.5 | 35 | 8.0‡ | |
Duloxetine | 209 | 45.4‡ | 25 | 5.7† | 2 | 0.5† | |
Gabapentin | 12 | 2.6 | 12 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.0† | |
Muscle relaxants | 40 | 8.7 | 64 | 14.5‡ | 5 | 1.1† | |
Muscle relaxants topical | 3 | 0.7 | 14 | 3.2‡ | 1 | 0.2 | |
Not using | 29 | 6.3† | 130 | 29.5† | 380 | 86.4‡ | |
NSAID oral | 33 | 7.2 | 92 | 20.9‡ | 3 | 0.7† | |
NSAID topical | 2 | 0.4 | 19 | 4.3‡ | 0 | 0.0 | |
Paracetamol | 13 | 2.8 | 24 | 5.4 | 11 | 2.5 | |
Pregabalin | 63 | 13.7‡ | 28 | 6.3 | 0 | 0.0† | |
Pregabalin-Duloxetine | 11 | 2.4‡ | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
SSRI | 22 | 4.8‡ | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.5 | |
Tramadol | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.2 | |
FMS: Fibromyalgia syndrome; CLBP: Chronic low back pain; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; * Pearson chi-squared test; ** Fisher Freeman-Halton test; Percentages with ‡ and † indicate higher and lower values than expected values considering the independence, respectively. |