Table 2.

Results of subgroup analyses

Subgroups	No. of patients	No. of studies	RR (95% CI)	aPeffect	Heterogeneity		bPhetero
					I2, %	P value
Atrial fibrillation
Dosec							0.72
High	42,809	26	0.97 (0.81–1.17)	0.77	0	0.55
Low	22,224	19	1.04 (0.77–1.40)	0.81	0	0.94
Follow-up duration							0.59
≤ 52 weeks	25,271	32	0.89 (0.62–1.26)	0.50	0	0.99
> 52 weeks	49,080	16	0.99 (0.84–1.16)	0.86	13	0.30
Baseline BMId							0.08
High	34,143	27	0.84 (0.67–1.04)	0.11	0	0.99
Low	39,562	19	1.10 (0.89–1.35)	0.38	0	0.55
Study designs							0.70
CVOTe	41,206	6	0.93 (0.84–1.17)	0.60	58	0.04
Non-CVOT	33,145	42	0.84 (0.56–1.27)	0.41	0	1.00
Atrial flutter
Dose							0.34
High	33,626	10	1.04 (0.68–1.58)	0.86	0	0.79
Low	14,949	7	0.70 (0.35–1.40)	0.31	0	0.63
Follow-up duration							0.19
≤ 52 weeks	8355	10	1.52 (0.58–3.97)	0.40	0	1.00
> 52 weeks	48,201	10	0.76 (0.52–1.10)	0.14	0	0.66
Baseline BMI							0.90
High	21,261	8	0.86 (0.50–1.47)	0.58	0	0.79
Low	35,295	12	0.82 (0.53–1.27)	0.37	0	0.88
Study designs							0.46
CVOT	41,206	6	0.78 (0.53–1.15)	0.21	0	0.48
Non-CVOT	15,350	14	1.08 (0.51–2.30)	0.84	0	0.98
Ventricular arrhythmias
Dose							0.04
High	32,205	11	1.63 (1.11–2.40)	0.01	0	0.96
Low	16,142	9	0.83 (0.49–1.41)	0.49	0	0.91
Follow-up duration							0.47
≤ 52 weeks	7712	11	0.93 (0.41–2.12)	0.86	0	0.93
> 52 weeks	45,736	8	1.29 (0.94–1.78)	0.12	0	0.72
Baseline BMI							0.13
High	20,459	9	1.60 (1.04–2.48)	0.03	0	0.96
Low	32,423	9	1.00 (0.66–1.52)	1.00	0	0.89
Study designs							0.63
CVOT	41,206	6	1.28 (0.92–1.77)	0.14	0	0.50
Non-CVOT	12,242	13	1.04 (0.48–2.24)	0.92	0	0.97
Sudden cardiac death
Dose							0.39
High	33,360	10	0.84 (0.61–1.17)	0.31	0	0.94
Low	16,314	8	1.13 (0.63–2.04)	0.68	0	0.76
Follow-up duration							0.65
≤ 52 weeks	5603	6	0.70 (0.24–2.05)	0.52	0	0.60
> 52 weeks	47,802	9	0.91 (0.67–1.22)	0.52	0	0.84
Baseline BMI							0.80
High	20,467	7	0.86 (0.59–1.26)	0.45	0	0.58
Low	32,938	8	0.93 (0.60–1.44)	0.75	0	0.86
Study designs							0.90
CVOT	41,206	6	0.90 (0.66–1.22)	0.49	0	0.63
Non-CVOT	12,199	9	0.84 (0.35–2.04)	0.71	0	0.80

BMI body mass index, CVOT cardiovascular outcome trial

^aP_effect, P-value for test effect

^bP_hetero, P-value for between-subgroup heterogeneity

^COnly studies of albiglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, and semaglutide (oral and subcutaneous) had different treatment doses (a single trial may have one or more dose sizes)

^dThe cut-off point was 32.38 kg/m² (mean baseline BMI in all included trials except 2 trials without reporting data on baseline BMI)

^eRandom effects model were used to calculate the estimates because of the high heterogeneity