Table 3.
Effect of 150 kHz IF EMR on sperm concentration, motility, motion parameters, and morphology of male rats (n = 7).
| Parameters | Control group (Mean ± SD) | EMR group (Mean ± SD) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sperm Concentration (M/ml) | 5.53 ± 8.31 | 3.26 ± 2.20 | 0.16 |
| Sperm Motility parameters | |||
| Static (M/ml) | 4.45 ± 6.00 | 2.74 ± 1.77 | 0.19 |
| Progressive (M/ml) | 0.46 ± 0.98 | 0.28 ± 0.31 | 0.19 |
| Motile (M/ml) | 1.02 ± 2.32 | 0.52 ± 0.45 | 0.11 |
| Slow (M/ml) | 0.14 ± 0.31 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.09 |
| Motion parameters | |||
| Straight-line velocity (VSL) (μm/s) | 18.60 ± 5.74 | 10.85 ± 5.74 | 0.05∗ |
| Curvilinear velocity (VCL) (μm/s) | 28.12 ± 21.79 | 16.40 ± 8.67 | 0.05∗ |
| Average Path Velocity (VAP) (μm/s) | 20.83 ± 16.14 | 12.15 ± 6.43 | 0.05∗ |
| Length of Straight-Line Path (DSL) (μm) | 2.80 ± 2.17 | 1.63 ± 0.86 | 0.05∗ |
| Length of Average Path (DAP) (μm) | 3.13 ± 2.43 | 1.83 ± 0.97 | 0.05∗ |
| Amplitude of Lateral Head Displacement (ALH) (μm) | 0.98 ± 0.76 | 0.57 ± 0.30 | 0.05∗ |
| Beat Cross Frequency (BCF) (Hz) | 7.45 ± 5.77 | 4.35 ± 2.30 | 0.05∗ |
| Linearity (LIN) (%) | 37.06 ± 28.72 | 21.62 ± 11.44 | 0.05∗ |
| Straightness of Trajectory (STR) (%) | 50.05 ± 38.78 | 29.20 ± 15.44 | 0.05∗ |
| Wobble (WOB) (%) | 41.50 ± 32.16 | 24.21 ± 12.81 | 0.05∗ |
| Morphology | |||
| Bent tail (%) | 1.20 ± 1.12 | 2.93 ± 4.04 | 0.30 |
| Coiled tail (%) | 9.22 ± 10.95 | 5.61 ± 7.41 | 0.48 |
| Distal droplet (%) | 2.27 ± 2.28 | 6.84 ± 5.01 | 0.05∗ |
| Proximal Droplet (%) | 19.36 ± 18.28 | 25.04 ± 15.84 | 0.56 |
∗p = 0.05 is statistical significance at 95% confidence interval.