Table 1.
Variances, relative variance (standardizing for mean differences), and the male:female variance ratio of height, fat-free mass, fat mass, age, total energy expenditure (TEE), basal energy expenditure (BEE), and activity energy expenditure (AEE).
| Trait | Covariates | Variance (95% CI) | CV (95% CI) | Variance ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Males | Females | Males | Females | |||
| Height (cm) | None | 48.92 (45.96e52.96) | 43.34 (41.45e45.65) | 0.28 (0.26e0.31) | 0.30 (0.26e0.28) | 1.12 (1.04e1.24) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | None | 69.79 (64.42e74.12) | 43.98 (41.31e45.57) | 1.23 (1.15e1.34) | 1.06 (0.97e1.12) | 1.59 (1.48e1.75) |
| Fat mass (kg) | None | 107.29 (100.75e115.45) | 142.59 (133.79e148.52) | 6.54 (5.70e8.41) | 6.78 (5.90e8.07) | 0.75 (0.69e0.83) |
| Age (y) | None | 245.36 (224.87e261.2) | 327.1 (312.34e345.32) | 6.74 (5.44e7.88) | 8.49 (6.99e9.78) | 0.73 (0.68e0.82) |
| TEE (MJ d−1) | None | 6.54 (6.03e7.01) | 2.97 (2.83e3.12) | 0.50 (0.45e0.55) | 0.30 (0.27e0.32) | 2.18 (1.98e2.37) |
| TEE (MJ d−1) | Set 1 | 3.45 (3.22e3.73) | 1.46 (1.40e1.54) | 0.31 (0.28e0.34) | 0.13 (0.12e0.14) | 2.35 (2.16e2.59) |
| TEE (MJ d−1) | Set 2 | 3.37 (3.12e3.61) | 1.38 (1.31e1.45) | 0.31 (0.28e0.33) | 0.12 (0.12e0.14) | 2.43 (2.22e2.67) |
| TEE (MJ d−1) | Set 3 | 3.31 (3.06e3.54) | 1.33 (1.28e1.41) | 0.29 (0.27e0.32) | 0.12 (0.11e0.13) | 2.38 (2.24e2.68) |
| BEE (MJ d−1) | None | 1.07 (0.95e1.19) | 0.82 (0.75e0.89) | 0.15 (0.13e0.17) | 0.14 (0.12e0.15) | 1.26 (1.10e1.50) |
| BEE (MJ d−1) | Set 1 | 0.49 (0.44e0.55) | 0.33 (0.30e0.36) | 0.08 (0.07e0.09) | 0.05 (0.05e0.06) | 1.56 (1.31e1.75) |
| BEE (MJ d−1) | Set 2 | 0.41 (0.37e0.45) | 0.28 (0.26e0.31) | 0.06 (0.06e0.07) | 0.04 (0.04e0.05) | 1.45 (1.28e1.68) |
| BEE (MJ d−1) | Set 3 | 0.39 (0.37e0.45) | 0.26 (0.24e0.29) | 0.06 (0.05e0.07) | 0.04 (0.04e0.05) | 1.50 (1.31e1.72) |
| AEE (MJ d−1) | None | 2.83 (2.44e3.04) | 1.45 (1.35e1.60) | 0.71 (0.57e0.85) | 0.46 (0.37e0.60) | 1.86 (1.64e2.16) |
| AEE (MJ d−1) | Set 1 | 2.38 (2.16e2.66) | 1.16 (1.07e1.27) | 0.71 (0.58e0.85) | 0.33 (0.28e0.40) | 1.98 (1.76e2.31) |
| AEE (MJ d−1) | Set 2 | 2.28 (2.01e2.50) | 1.08 (0.99e1.17) | 0.70 (0.59e0.90) | 0.32 (0.28e0.41) | 2.04 (1.79e2.37) |
| AEE (MJ d−1) | Set 3 | 2.22 (2.03e2.51) | 1.08 (0.98e1.16) | 0.70 (0.55e0.88) | 0.34 (0.27e0.40) | 2.10 (1.83e2.37) |
For all traits, variances were estimated in the raw data (no covariates). For TEE, BEE, and AEE, variances were also estimated in the residuals after accounting for three sets of covariates including height and fat-free mass (set 1); height, fat-free mass, fat mass, and age (set 2); and height, fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and sex-specific nonlinear age and body composition effects (set 3). Variance ratios >1 and <1, respectively, imply greater male and greater female variance. Also shown are the 95% credible intervals (CIs).