Table 3.

Recombinant proteins and peptides in clinical and preclinical testing against SARS-COV-2.

Drug Name	Details	Global Status	Company	Delivery Route	Omicron Inhibitory Activity	Clinical trials ID
Ensovibep (MP-0420; SKO-136)	Tri-specific DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat proteins), binds spike protein trimer; for both prophylactic and therapeutic uses.	Phase III	Molecular Partners, Switzerland, Novartis, Switzerland	Injectable, I.V.	active against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2.	NCT04501978 (ACTIV-3): recommendation to stop enrollment due to lack of clinical benefit
APN01 (alunacedase alfa)	soluble recombinant ACE2 extracellular domain	Phase II	Apeiron Biologics, Austria	inhaled, I.V.	n.a.	NCT04335136: completed
Neumifil (mCBM40)	recombinant protein based on CBM40 domain derived from bacterial sialidases	Phase II (influenza)	Pneumagen, UK	Inhaled, transnasal spray	broad-spectrum antiviral (influenza, RSV, COVID-19)	NCT05507567 (Human Influenza virus Challenge Model): recruiting
HLX71	Recombinant ACE2-Fc fusion protein	Phase I	Hengenix Biotech Inc	Injectable, I.V.	n.a.	NCT04583228: recruitment completed
SI–F019	SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing protein, mimics ACE2 and act as a neutralizing decoy	Phase I	Biokin Pharmaceutical, China	Injectable, I.V.	n.a.	NCT04851444: recruiting
ACE2 mutant	ACE2 mutant	Phase I/Ib	SignalChem Lifesciences, Canada; Innophore, Austria	Injectable	n.a.	n.a.
CG-SpikeDown	peptide-based product binding to RBD	Preclinical	Caregen	Inhaled	n.a.	NCT05234320: not yet recruiting
2MA-1	modified soluble human ACE2	Preclinical	Masker MedTech, Switzerland	Inhaled	active against Omicron	n.a.
TB202-3 (TB202-63)	COVID-19 VHH nanobodies, ACE2 inhibitor	Preclinical	Twist Bioscience	Injectable	n.a.	n.a.

I.V., intravenous; n.a., information not available.