Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data
| Variables | Healthy control subjects | Critically ill sepsis patients ICU day-1 | Critically ill sepsis patients ICU day-3 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 15 | 15 | 1.000 |
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 55 (51–61) | 56 (51–61) | 56 (51–61) | 0.448 |
| Sex, female: male | 9:6 | 9:6 | 9:6 | 1.000 |
| MODS, median (IQR) | – | 7 (5.0–8.0) | 4 (3.5–7.0) | 0.055 |
| SOFA, median (IQR) | – | 7 (5.0–9.0) | 6 (3.5–7.0) | 0.012* |
| Laboratory, median (IQR) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | – | 128.0 (109.0–147.0) | 110.0 (87.0–120.0) | < 0.001* |
| White Blood Cell (109/L) | – | 15.9 (11.5–22.7) | 12.2 (7.3–14.3) | 0.002* |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | – | 12.9 (8.6–15.7) | 9.8 (5.4–11.9) | 0.006* |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | – | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) | 1.2 (0.7–1.6) | 0.528 |
| Platelets (109/L) | – | 182.0 (107.0–259.0) | 116.5 (79.0–189.0) | < 0.001* |
| Partial thromboplastin time (sec) | – | 23.0 (21.0–29.0) | 24.0 (22.0–27.0) | 0.805 |
| International normalized ratio ([PTt/PTn]ISI) | – | 1.0 (1.1–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.2) | 0.313 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | – | 79.0 (56.0–106.0) | 54.5 (47.0–70.0) | 0.065 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | – | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.021* |
| Chest radiograph, n (%) | ||||
| Bilateral pneumonia | – | 3 (20.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1.000 |
| Unilateral pneumonia | – | 7 (46.7) | 7 (46.7) | 1.000 |
| Interstitial infiltrates | – | 1 (6.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1.000 |
| Normal | – | 4 (26.7) | 4 (26.7) | 1.000 |
| P/F Ratio, median (IQR) | – | 164.0 (130.0–273.0) | 188.0 (151.5–282.0) | 0.321 |
| Interventions, n (%) | ||||
| Antibiotics | – | 15 (100.0) | 15 (100.0) | 1.000 |
| Antivirals | – | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.309 |
| Steroids | – | 4 (26.7) | 3 (20.0) | 0.667 |
| Vasoactive medications | – | 11 (73.3) | 5 (33.3) | 0.028* |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula | – | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.309 |
| Noninvasive MV | – | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 0.143 |
| Invasive MV | – | 15 (100.0) | 12 (80.0) | 0.068 |
| Sepsis diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Suspected | – | 10 (66.7) | – | – |
| Confirmed | – | 5 (33.3) | – | – |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | – | 9 (60.0) | – | – |
| Diabetes | – | 5 (33.3) | – | – |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | – | 1 (6.7) | – | – |
| Coronary Artery Disease | – | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Chronic Heart Failure | – | 1 (6.7) | – | – |
| Cancer | – | 1 (6.7) | – | – |
| COPD | – | 3 (20.0) | – | – |
| Baseline medications, n (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet | – | 6 (40.0) | – | – |
| Anticoagulants | – | 3 (20.0) | – | – |
*P < 0.005