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. 2022 Dec 13;13:1090958. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1090958

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Copyright © 2022 Sun, Jin, Rong, Song and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The levels of HCY in serum (A), methylmalonic acid in urine (B), methylmalonic acid in serum (C), methylmalonic acid in serum total exosomes (D), and methylmalonic acid in serum neuro-exosomes (E) in different groups. HCY, homocysteine; MMA, methylmalonic acidemia; CNT, Control; HHcy, non-inherited hyperhomocysteinemia; neuro-exosomes, neuronal-derived exosomes; MMA-normal, cblC type methylmalonic acidemia patients with normal IQ or DQ; MMA-mild cognitive impairment, cblC type methylmalonic acidemia patients with mild cognitive impairment; MMA-moderate cognitive impairment, cblC type methylmalonic acidemia patients with moderate cognitive impairment; MMA-severe cognitive impairment, cblC type methylmalonic acidemia patients with severe cognitive impairment.