Morbidity and mortality in infected WT, IL-4−/−, IL-12−/−, and IL-4/IL-12−/− mice. (A) Time course of cumulative weight changes in infected animals following percutaneous exposure to ∼70 cercariae. Changes in body weight are expressed as means ± standard errors of the means. There were five mice per group. Cumulative weight changes in IL-4−/− and IL-4/IL-12−/− mice were significantly different from those in WT and IL-12−/− mice (∗, P < 0.05). Results are representative of two separate experiments. (B) Mortality over time in infected animals following percutaneous exposure to ∼90 cercariae. There were five mice per group. Mortality was significantly higher in IL-4−/− and IL-4/IL-12−/− mice than in WT and IL-12−/− mice (∗, P < 0.05).