FIG. 3.

TNF-α production by spleen cells from infected WT, IL-4^−/−, IL-12^−/−, and IL-4/IL-12^−/− mice. Mice had been infected with ∼70 cercariae 47 days earlier, and spleen cells were stimulated in vitro with SEA and LPS. IL-4^−/− and IL-4/IL-12^−/− mice produced significantly more (∗, P < 0.05) TNF-α than did WT and IL-12^−/− mice. There were five mice per group. Data are means ± standard errors of the means and are representative of two separate experiments.