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. 2022 Dec 26;9:784. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01891-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Molecular neutral diversity and linkage disequilibrium decay in genebank and elite plant material. Molecular diversity portrayed by the first two principal coordinates (PCos) from Rogers’ distance matrices calculated using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS, (a)) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS, (b)). Intra-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium (r²) as a function of the genomic physical distance (Mb) in GBS (c) and WGS (d). GBS was conducted for 7,745 plant genetic resources (PGR) samples from the IPK genebank and 325 European elite cultivars. WGS was performed for 191 European elite cultivars, 131 German elite breeding lines and 446 PGR samples from the IPK genebank. Percentage of variation explained by PCos are included in brackets (). For r² decay, distances between SNP pairs correspond to RefSeq v1.0 of Chinese Spring while cubic splines were fitted to whole genomes but only the first 20 Mb are portrayed.