Table 9.

List of techniques proposed for efficient communication and information exchange.

No	Citation	Technique	Description
1	59	Analytical framework	This research article proposed an analytical framework using big data analytics for the identification of Lupus disease. This model presents an easy interface for the doctors to diagnose Lupus disease on patient’s clinical records. In this smart framework, the patients upload their EHR and the doctor performs the Lupus disease diagnosing
2	69	Bio Inspired ICT interface	In this modern technological age, the human health and life-loss will be purely dependant on data and its optimum organization. But organizing a huge amount of data generated on daily basis from industries, smart and portable IoT healthcare devices, and many others is a hectic job. This paper presents a Bio inspired ICT interface to present an intelligent healthcare application to both doctors and the patient. This application makes the doctor and patient convenient to exchange the information easily and in timely fashion
3	76	Cloud-based architecture	An optimal data exchange mechanism is developed in this research article by presenting the concepts of cloud computing. Totally different from the traditional database system that are full of anomalies. This cloud-based architecture makes the doctors convenient to store an individual patient’s clinical records in a standard format that are easy to extract, update, and process for future purposes
4	80,115	Hybrid model	This paper embeds multiple integrated applications such as IoT-based systems, sensors and arrays of sensors, big data analytics for emerging technologies. This hybrid model ultimately provides a smart application in low cost, low data storage requirements, with high communication capabilities in between the patient and practioners
5	84,85,107,118	Secure communication framework for doctor and patient	On one side the available of smart IoT-based applications made our life easier by presenting an easy access interface. But on other side it threatens our life by giving an opportunity to hackers to steal our information from distant offices. Keeping these drawbacks in mind this research work has reviewed different techniques proposed for efficient and secure communication in between patient and doctor
6	87	SOA-FOG based architecture	A three-tier architecture is developed for healthcare big data management using Fog computing (SOA-FOG architecture). It displays security information in fog layer, client layer, and in cloud layer. This framework presents a secured communication framework between the doctor and the patients and can address the man-in-the-middle network attack problems
7	101	Data mining techniques	Smart clinical intelligence model is proposed in this research article using data mining techniques. This model aims to assist the doctors to remotely process the clinical health records of a particular patient and validate his health conditions
8	198	mHealth 4.0	This paper surveyed different industry 4.0 applications by identifying the gaps in the available mHealth applications and suggested a new enhanced healthcare mobile smart application (mHealth 4.0). This advanced version of the mHealth application provides an easy communication facility for doctor and patient where they can exchange information easily
9	20	Machine learning based model	This paper has developed a hybrid ML-based model using mask encryption, monitoring patient activities, granularly access control, real time data classification techniques. This hybrid healthcare technique facilitates both doctors by presenting a more accurate disease diagnosing model
10	199	CrowdHEALTH	A real-time communicating framework is developed for practitioners and doctors using healthcare big data analytics and Holistic Health Records (HHR) in the context of the CrowdHEALTH. Big data analytics is executed on the database to retrieve stored records (i.e. HHRs) for clinicians and doctors to advice medications