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. 2022 Dec 16;24:136–152. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.010

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Scheme of nanotechnology-assisted preoperative therapeutic strategies, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and neoadjuvant phototherapy, as singular as well as combination therapies. Created with permission by BioRender.com.