Fig. 3.

Nanomedicine-dominated neoadjuvant-therapy-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling and metastasis suppression. a. Scheme of the synthesis of T-CeNP and the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. b. The TEM of T-CeNP. c. Diagrammatic illustration of T-CeNP-dominated cancer-associated fibroblast reprogramming. d. Representative morphological images of fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and reprogrammed fibroblasts. e. Validation of fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and reprogrammed fibroblasts by western blotting. f. T-CeNP-mediated cancer-associated fibroblast reprogramming promoted growth suppression of tumor spheroid in 3D cocultures of fibroblast and tumor cells. g. Diagram illustrating the therapy regimen of neoadjuvant therapy, surgery, and therapeutic evaluation. h. In vivo fluorescence imaging of nanoparticle distribution in tumors with or without neoadjuvant treatment. i. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of nanoparticle distribution with or without neoadjuvant treatment. j. Fluorescence images of different nanoparticles in frozen tumor sections with or without neoadjuvant treatment. k. Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging for micrometastases in the lung of different treatment groups. l. Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging for micrometastases in the liver of different treatment groups. The red X represents animals that died during tumor removal surgery [20]. Copyright 2021, John Wiley and Sons.