Skip to main content
. 2022 Dec 27;12:22402. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26650-9

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics thoracic surgery cohort (n = 19).

NS Smokers GOLD 1–2 GOLD 3–4 P-value
COPD COPD
Total partecipants (N) 4 5 3 7
Age 63 (8) 76 (6) 70 (7) 65 (5) NS
Gender (M/F) 2/2 3/2 2/1 5/2 NS
Smoking history (pack years) 0 30 (15) 30 (10) 44 (33) < 0.001*
Smoking habit (current/former smoker) 0/4 1/4 0/3 0/7 NS
FEV1 (% predicted) 91% (16) 94% (19) 67 (16) 29% (18) < 0.001#
FEV/FVC 88 (5) 78 (4) 71 (8) 38 (21) < 0.001#
Comorbidities 7 3 1 8
Hypertension (%) 3 (75%) 2 (50%) 0 3 (43%) NS
Other cardiovascluar diseases (%) 2 (50%) 1 (25%) 1 (33%) 4 (57%) NS
Diabetes Mellitus (%) 2 (50%) 0 0 1 (14%) NS
Medications 1 2 16
Inhaled corticosteroids (N, %) 0 0 1 (33%) 5 (71%) < 0.05+
LABA/SABA/LAMA (N, %) 0 0 1 (33%) 7 (100%) < 0.05+
Oral corticosteroids (N, %) 0 0 0 3 (43%) < 0.05+
Ca+-antagonists (N, %) 1 (25%) 0 0 1 (14%) NS

Data are mean ± SD, unless specified.

NS = Never-smokers; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD: global initiative for chronic lung diseases.

LABA: Long-acting beta-agonists; SABA: short-acting beta-agonists; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic agents; ACEi: ACE-inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers.

*p value = smokers, GOLD 1–2 COPD, and GOLD 3–4 COPD versus NS.

#p value = GOLD 3–4 COPD versus all the groups, and GOLD 1–2 versus NS, by definition. GOLD 1–2 versus smokers = 0.06.

+GOLD 3–4 COPD versus controls.

Significant values are in bold.