Table 1.
Characteristics of included articles.
| Study ID | Country | Population | Study Design | Setting | Sampling Method | Patient Age | Female No. (%) | Surgery Type | SSI Follow-up Days | Funding Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atti/2020 [43] | Italy | Pediatric | Retro | Single | Consecutive | NR | NR | Mixed | 30 | NR |
| Azimi/2020 [46] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Consecutive | Mean = 60.25 | 106 (51.5) | Colorectal | NR | NR |
| Bucher/2020 [10] | USA | NR | Retro | Multiple | Random | Mean = 53, SD = 18 | 11,077 (50.8) | Mixed | 30 | G |
| Chen/2020 [39] | China | Adult | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | Median = 54.3, IQR (44, 65) | 13,293 (61.5) | Mixed | NR | NR |
| Hopkins/2020 [44] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Consecutive | 57.5 | 2104 [52] | Orthopedic | NR | NR |
| Karhade/2020 [38] | USA | Adult | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | Median = 47, IQR [37,59] | 2628 (44.8) | Orthopedic | 90 | P |
| Merath/2020 [29] | USA | Adult | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | Median = 66, IQR (57, 75) | NR | Colorectal | 30 | NR |
| Petrosyan/2020 [47] | Canada | Adult | Retro | Single | Consecutive | Mean = 56.7 | 4540 (56.3) | Mixed | 30 | G |
| Skube/2020 [50] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Consecutive | Mean = 54, SD = 17 | 5094 [45] | Mixed | NR | G |
| Song/2020 [49] | USA | Mixed | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | NR | 3990 [43] | Cardiac and vascular | NR | G |
| Gowd/2019 [23] | USA | NR | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | Mean = 69.5, SD = 9.6 | 7493 (43.8) | Mixed | 30 | NR |
| Quérouéa/2019 [48] | France | NR | Retro | Single | Consecutive | NR | NR | Orthopedic | 90 | NR |
| Shen/2019 [32] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | NR | NR | NR | Colorectal | 30 | G |
| Shi/2019 [40] | USA | NR | Retro | Multiple | NR | NR | NR | Mixed | 30 | G |
| Silva/2019 [7] | Brazil | Pediatric | Retro | Single | NR | Mean = 48.31, SD = 22.03 | 7107 (56.9) | Mixed | 30 | NR |
| Thirukumaran/2019 [35] | USA | NR | CC | Single | Consecutive | Mean = 45.8, SD = 20.7 | 760 [48] | Orthopedic | 90 | G |
| Tunthanathip/2019 [41] | Thailand | NR | Retro | Single | Random | Mean = 45.1, SD = 21.1 | 632 [43] | Neurosurgical | 90 | NR |
| Grundmeier/2018 [24] | USA | Pediatric | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | NR | NR | Mixed | 60 | G |
| Kocbek/2018 [42] | Slovenia | NR | Retro | Single | NR | NR | NR | Gastrointestinal | 60 | G |
| Strauman/2018 [34] | Norway | NR | CC | Single | NR | NR | NR | Gastrointestinal | NR | G |
| Weller/2018 [36] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Random | NR | NR | Colorectal | NR | NR |
| Chapman/2017 [37] | USA | NR | Retro | Multiple | NR | NR | NR | Gastrointestinal | 30 | G |
| Sohn/2017 [8] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Random | NR | NR | Colorectal | 30 | NR |
| Hu/2016 [26] | USA | Pediatric | Retro | Single | Consecutive | NR | NR | Mixed | 30 | NR |
| Ke/2016 [27] | USA | NR | Pro | Single | NR | Mean = 56.4 | 345 (63.7) | General-abdominal | 30 | NR |
| Mandagani/2016 [28] | USA | NR | CC | NR | NR | NR | NR | Gastrointestinal | NR | NR |
| Sanger/2016 [31] | USA | NR | Pro | Single | Random | Mean = 56.5 | 542 (63.7) | General-abdominal | 30 | NR |
| Hu/2015 [25] | USA | NR | Retro | Single | Consecutive | NR | 3754 [60] | Mixed | 30 | G |
| Soguero-Ruiz/2015 [33] | Norway | NR | CC | Single | Random | Mean = 57.0, SD = 20.7 | 477 (47.4) | Gastrointestinal | NR | NR |
| Esbroeck/2014 [22] | USA | NR | Retro | Multiple | Consecutive | NR | NR | Mixed | 30 | NR |
| Michelson/2014 [30] | USA | Adult | Retro | Single | Consecutive | Mean = 53.5 | 1058 (48.4) | Mixed | 30 | G |
| Campillo-Gimenez/2013 [45] | France | Adult | Retro | Single | Consecutive | NR | NR | Neurosurgical | 30 | NR |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation; SSI, surgical site infection.
Study Design: Retro, retrospective cohort study; Pro, prospective cohort study; CC, case control study; Setting: Single, single center; Multiple, multiple centers; Funding source: G, government; P, private.