Table 3.
Antimicrobial treatment incidence (ATI) medians in antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-positive and AMR-negative farms.
| Number of antimicrobial treatment incidence (ATI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMR-positive farms (n = 47) | AMR-negative farms (n = 87) | p-value | ||
| Administration route | Intramammary (for dry cow therapy) | 20.09 | 19.17 | 0.22 |
| Intramammary (for lactating cow) | 15.29a | 11.37b | 0.045 | |
| Injection | 6.67a | 4.79b | 0.021 | |
| Oral | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.23 | |
| Intrauterine | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.29 | |
| Antimicrobial class | Tetracyclines | 0.93a | 0.34b | 0.00016 |
| Amphenicol | 0 | 0 | 0.27 | |
| Penicillins | 17.30a | 14.62b | 0.04 | |
| Sulfonamides | 0.01a | 0b | 0.018 | |
| Macrolides | 0.04 | 0 | 0.071 | |
| Aminoglycosides | 12.40 | 11.29 | 0.19 | |
| Cephalosporins | 12.51 | 9.74 | 0.051 | |
| Trimetoprim | 0 | 0 | 0.33 | |
| Quinolones | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.065 | |
| Total | 45.17a | 38.4b | 0.023 | |
AMR-positive farms: farms in which methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) were detected in at least one mastitic milk sample.
AMR-negative farms: farms in which neither MRS nor ESBL-producing coliforms were detected in the mastitic milk samples.
a - b: significant difference between AMR-positive and AMR-negative farms (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test).