Table 3.
The effect of migrant parents' bodyweight perception on children's subsequent zBMI using two-level random intercept linear regression models for survey data.
| Predictor | Model 1a |
Model 2b |
Model 3c |
Model 4d |
Model 5e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
| Parent's bodyweight perception (REF: correct estimation) | |||||
| Underestimation | 0.23*** (0.19–0.27) | 0.43*** (0.34–0.52) | 0.43*** (0.33–0.52) | 0.43*** (0.31–0.54) | 0.44*** (0.32–0.55) |
| Overestimation | −0.07 (−0.14 to 0.00) | −0.02 (−0.22 to 0.18) | 0.01 (−0.18 to 0.20) | 0.01 (−0.20 to 0.23) | 0.01 (−0.20 to 0.23) |
| Parent's bodyweight perception x time | |||||
| Underestimation x time | −0.05*** (−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.05*** (−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.05*** (−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.05*** (−0.07 to −0.03) | |
| Overestimation x time | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | |
| Time | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) | 0.20*** (0.12–0.25) | 0.19*** (0.12–0.25) | 0.17*** (0.11–0.23) | |
| Parent's bodyweight perception x region-of-birth | |||||
| Underestimation x OCE | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.24) | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.25) | |||
| Underestimation x SEEU | −0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07) | −0.08 (−0.23 to 0.07) | |||
| Underestimation x MENA | 0.00 (−0.17 to 0.17) | 0.01 (−0.16 to 0.17) | |||
| Underestimation x SSA | −0.08 (−0.29 to 0.12) | −0.07 (−0.28 to 0.13) | |||
| Underestimation x ESEA | −0.08 (−0.20 to 0.04) | −0.08 (−0.21 to 0.04) | |||
| Underestimation x SCA | 0.01 (−0.17 to 0.18) | 0.01 (−0.17 to 0.19) | |||
| Underestimation x AME | 0.28** (0.10–0.47) | 0.28** (0.09–0.46) | |||
| Overestimation x OCE | 0.00 (−0.30 to 0.31) | 0.01 (−0.29 to 0.32) | |||
| Overestimation x SEEU | −0.04 (−0.31 to 0.24) | −0.03 (−0.30 to 0.24) | |||
| Overestimation x MENA | −0.08 (−0.45 to 0.29) | −0.08 (−0.45 to 0.29) | |||
| Overestimation x SSA | −0.05 (−0.52 to 0.41) | −0.06 (−0.52 to 0.41) | |||
| Overestimation x ESEA | −0.00 (−0.25 to 0.25) | −0.01 (−0.25 to 0.24) | |||
| Overestimation x SCA | 0.05 (−0.22 to 0.31) | 0.05 (−0.21 to 0.31) | |||
| Overestimation x AME | 0.03 (−0.31 to 0.37) | 0.05 (−0.30 to 0.40) | |||
| Parent's region-of-birth (ref: North/West Europe) | |||||
| Oceania excl. Australia (OCE) | 0.14 (−0.01 to 0.29) | 0.13 (−0.02 to 0.27) | |||
| South/East Europe (SEEU) | 0.14 (−0.06 to 0.33) | 0.02 (−0.19 to 0.23) | |||
| Middle East/North Africa (MENA) | 0.51*** (0.27–0.74) | 0.35** (0.10–0.60) | |||
| Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) | −0.06 (−0.27 to 0.16) | −0.09 (−0.31 to 0.13) | |||
| East/South-East Asia (ESEA) | 0.10 (−0.02 to 0.23) | −0.01 (−0.16 to 0.14) | |||
| South/Central Asia (SCA) | −0.07 (−0.24 to 0.10) | −0.18 (−0.37 to 0.01) | |||
| The Americas/Caribbean (AME) | 0.12 (−0.07 to 0.30) | 0.06 (−0.13 to 0.24) | |||
|
Constant |
0.56*** (0.51–0.61) |
0.52*** (0.46–0.58) |
0.07 (−0.46 to 0.60) |
−0.02 (−0.54 to 0.50) |
−0.29 (−0.88 to 0.31) |
| Variance components | |||||
| Between-children variance | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.92 (0.84–1.00) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) |
| Within-children variance | 0.32 (0.30–0.34) | 0.32 (0.30–0.34) | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) |
| Within cluster correlation, ICC | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
Abbreviations: zBMI body mass index z-score; CI confidence interval; ICC intra cluster correlation.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
***p < 0.001.
Model 1: bivariate model, with parental bodyweight perception as the only predictor.
Model 2: predictors were parental bodyweight perception and interaction between parental bodyweight perception and time, no covariates were included.
Model 3: it was Model 2, adjusted for all covariates.
Model 4: it was Model 3, with the interaction between parents' bodyweight perception and parents' region-of-birth was added to the model.
Model 5: it was Model 4, with added acculturation measures to the model.