Fig 3.

The reduction of muscle functions in sarcopenia animal models.

(A) Hindlimb grip strength was measured and normalized by whole body weight (B) Treadmill fatigue test was measured and running distance was recorded (C–H) Ex-vivo GA muscle contraction test (C) Peak tetanic fore and twitch fore normalised by GA muscle cross-sectional area (D) Time to reach maximum twitch force (E) Half-relaxation time (F) Max rate of contraction and relaxation (G) GA muscle fatigability normalised by prefatigued developed tension (H) The recovery rate was measured by the contraction force of GA muscle after 5 ​min and 10 ​min rest from fatigue test. n ​= ​5 per group Quantitative data are presented as mean ​± ​SD. Statistical analyses are performed using one-way ANOVA test, with significance set at P ​< ​0.05 (∗:P ​< ​0.05, ∗∗:P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗:P ​< ​0.005, #:P ​< ​0.001).