Table 2.
Association between low back pain and sleep disturbance at the fourth time point
| Low back pain | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Absence | Presence | P value | |
| Participants | 2,097 | 1,536 | 561 | |
| Sleep disturbance, n (%) | 697 (33.2) | 425 (27.7) | 272 (48.5) | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 2.46 (2.02-3.00) | < 0.001 | |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1 (Ref.) | 2.21 (1.76–2.77) | < 0.001 | |
Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, living area, smoking habits, drinking habits, comorbid conditions, working status, walking time, living status, subjective economic condition, psychological distress, and social isolation. OR indicates odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.