Table 3.
Heart rate variability, well-being and sleep quality in the golf and Nordic walking / e-biking groups before and after the vacation
| Parameter | Golf group (n = 30) | NW&EB group (n = 22) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before the vacation | After the vacation | Before the vacation | After the vacation | |
| EBF-24 stress | ||||
| Dejection | 2.89 (1–4) | 1 (0–1.75) ** | 1.91 (0–3) | 0.95 (0–1)* |
| Irritability | 3.21 (2–4) | 2 (1–2)*** | 3.23 (2–4.75) | 1.55 (0–2)** |
| Tiredness | 4.32 (2.5–5) | 2.07 (0.25–3)** | 3.27 (2–4.75) | 2.05 (1–3)* |
| Subjective malaise | 3.32 (1.5–4) | 2.67 (1.25–4) | 3.50 (2–5) | 2.05 (1.25–2)** |
| EBF-24 recovery | ||||
| Happiness | 6.37 (5.5–8) | 7.87 (6.25–9)* | 5.32 (3–8) | 6.64 (5–8.75)** |
| Relaxation | 6.89 (5.5–8) | 9.10 (8–10)*** | 6.41 (4–8) | 8.68 (8–10)*** |
| Satisfaction | 7.53 (6–9.5) | 8.97 (8–10)*** | 7.77 (6.25–9.75) | 8.59 (8–10) |
| Sleep quality | 7.58 (7–9) | 9.13 (8.25 – 11)* | 7.55 (6 – 10) | 8.95 (8 – 11)** |
| WHO-5 | 15.3 (12–18) | 20.59 (18.25–22)**** | 16.45 (13.5–20) | 19.59 (17.25 – 21.75)* |
| SDNN (ms) | 41.74 (32.05–48.85) | 40.88 (34.7–46.4) | 45.67 (36–53) | 49.67 (40 – 56)* |
| pNN50 (%) | 1.87 (0.5–2.5) | 3.23 (0.57–3.6) | 2.74 (0.77–2.9) | 3.67 (0.71 – 5.54) |
| r-MSSD (ms) | 20.09 (12.6–19.6) | 20.91 (12.8–24.3) | 19.51 (16–21.4) | 21.84 (17.7 – 26.7) |
| log LF/HF (%) | 0.68 (0.59–0.82) | 0.67 (0.54–0.79) | 0.61 (0.5–0.7) | 0.60 (0.44 – 0.73) |
| Total power (ms2) | 2021 (1224–2619) | 2375 (1341–2979) | 3212 (2415–4111) | 3555 (2468 – 4714) |
| Sleep architecture | 2.44 (2–3) | 2.20 (2–3)* | 2.35 (2–3) | 1.80 (1–2)* |
| Sleep quality (EBF-24) | 7.58 (7–9) | 8.68 (7–9) | 7.55 (6–10) | 8.95 (8–11) |
| Apnea index | 7.04 (0.71 – 10.6) | 5.32 (0.5–9.12) | 7.64 (3–8) | 7.84 (4.6–10.3) |
Results shown as mean values rounded to two decimal places and interquartile range (IQR) in the golf vs. NW&EB groups. NW&EB Nordic walking and e-biking. WHO-5 World Health Organization-5 index of well-being, SDNN standard deviation of the NN intervals in ms, pNN50 percentage of the intervals with at least 50 ms deviation from the previous interval, r-MSSD root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, log LF/HF quotient of the logarithm of low frequency to high frequency, total power total number of all frequency ranges, Sleep architecture (HRV): evaluation of sleep quality based on heart rate variability, Sleep quality (EBF-24) evaluation of sleep quality based on the stress-recovery questionnaire, Apnea index number of cessations of breathing, ms milliseconds; ms2 milliseconds squared. p-value within the group: vs. before the vacation *p < 0.05; vs. before the vacation **p < 0.01; vs. before the vacation ***p < 0.005; vs. before the vacation ****p < 0.001