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. 2022 Dec 27;54:82. doi: 10.1186/s12711-022-00772-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Estimates of inbreeding based on alternative measures, correlation among them, and rate of inbreeding depression for fitness obtained for a population of N = 20 breeding individuals maintained for 10 discrete generations assuming random mating and random contributions from parents to progeny (RC), equalization of contributions from parents to progeny (EC), and artificial selection for a neutral quantitative trait (SEL). Mean (F) and variance (VF) of inbreeding coefficients at generation 10, correlation between estimated inbreeding coefficients and those obtained from IBD measures (r), and mean values of the rate of inbreeding depression (ΔID). Bars refer to true IBD values (F_IBD; horizontal red line), and estimated from pedigree records (F_PED) and from different marker frequency-based measures (F_VR1, F_VR2, F_YA1, F_YA2, F_LH1, F_LH2, F_HOM; see text for definitions) assuming the frequencies of the base generation (blue bars), those of the current generation (yellow bars) or a constant frequency of 0.5 (F_q05; purple bars). Estimates from runs of homozygosity are shown for fragments larger than 1 Mb (F_ROH-1) or 5 Mb (F_ROH-5). Only subscripts of estimators are shown for the sake of clarity