Table 2.

Association between risk factors and CAC volume and density progression among those with baseline CAC.

	Total change in CAC volume (n = 285)	Total change in peak CAC density (n = 285)
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
Age, years	3.20	−1.05, 7.45	0.14	−0.91	−3.02, 1.20	0.40
Female sex	−61.62	−148.72, 25.49	0.16	−1.22	−44.46, 42.02	0.96
Days between exams	0.15	0.04, 0.26	0.01	0.06	0.01, 0.12	0.02
Hypertension	6.38	−69.08, 81.83	0.87	1.27	−36.18, 38.73	0.95
Diabetes	14.74	−62.23, 91.72	0.71	−20.00	−58.22, 18.21	0.30
HDL, mg/dL	−2.22	−5.29, 0.85	0.15	0.40	−1.12, 1.93	0.60
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	−0.31	−1.30, 0.68	0.53	−0.11	−0.60, 0.38	0.65
Current smoking	190.09	34.91, 345.28	0.02	41.24	−35.80, 118.27	0.29
Exercise, 10 MET-min/week	0.12	−0.15, 0.38	0.38	0.19	0.05, 0.31	0.01
Lp(a), mg/dL	0.36	−1.10, 1.83	0.63	0.81	0.08, 1.54	0.03
Fasting insulin, pmol/L	−0.14	−0.56, 0.27	0.50	0.17	−0.03, 0.38	0.11
Statin use	24.30	−48.44, 97.03	0.51	−10.66	−46.77, 25.45	0.56
Baseline CAC volume, mm³	0.24	0.15, 0.34	<0.001	0.15	0.10, 0.20	<0.001
Baseline CAC density	−0.12	−0.36, 0.13	0.34	−0.55	−0.68, −0.43	<0.001

Linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, exam 1 CAC volume and density, time between exam 1 and 2, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, total cholesterol, HDL, exercise, exam 2 statin use, Lp(a), and fasting insulin. Abbreviations as per Table 1.