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. 2022 Dec 12;13:1000309. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000309

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang and Duan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Coaggregation of L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 with four pathogenic bacteria. (A) L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 + S. mutans; (B) L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 + A. actinomycetemcomitans; (C) L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 + P. gingivalis; (D) L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 + F. nucleatum; (E) L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 control; (F) S. mutans control; (G) A. actinomycetemcomitans control; (H) P. gingivalis control; (I) F. nucleatum control.