Table 3.

Manualised evidence-based psychological therapies for Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Therapy	Theoretical model	Core elements
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Full, pure and guided self-help forms and CBT–enhanced (CBT-E)	CBT formulation - Core beliefs (overvaluation of shape and weight) initiate weight control behaviours that with negative mood states & life events initiate and maintain binge eating without compensatory behaviours.	Personalised psychoeducation Behaviour monitoring & experiments Cognitive restructuring & chain analyses Enhanced with modules for mood intolerance, clinical perfectionism, interpersonal deficits, low self-esteem
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)	There is a bidirectional relationship between BED symptoms and interpersonal function mediated by self-esteem & negative affect. Focus on four problem areas (grief, role transitions, role disputes, interpersonal deficits).	Exploration of interpersonal function/current relationships (inventory) & for mulation Affect clarification & communication analysis A strong therapeutic relationship
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and and guided self-help DBT	Understanding the dialectic of opposing views of ED behaviours and their use in distress reduction.	‘Meaning making’ of symptoms as acceptance and change; Validation & Training in: mindfulness; distress tolerance; emotion regulation; & interpersonal effectiveness.