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. 2021 Dec 30;13(1):60–76. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2018767

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

A. hydrophila triggers translocation of mtDNA via suppression of autophagy. (a) HKM were pre-incubated with Antimycin A, YCG063, CsA, Rapa, or transfected with DNase I and heat-inactivated DNase I were infected with or without A. hydrophila and presence of mtDNA in cytosol was studied at 1 h p.i. (b) HKMs were infected with A. hydrophila and expression of autophagic proteins (beclin-1, atg 5, and LC3B) were studied at by immunoblotting. (c) HKM incubated with rapamycin infected with A. hydrophila and percentage HKM viability was studied at 24 h p.i. using trypan blue dye exclusion method. Vertical bars represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Asterisk indicates significant difference between indicated groups (*p < 0.05). ns indicates not significant between indicated groups. HKM, uninfected HKM; HKM+B, HKM infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+YCG063 + B, HKM pre-incubated with YCG063 infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+CsA+B, HKM pre-incubated with Cyclosporin A infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+Rapa+B, HKM pre-incubated with rapamycin infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+DNase I + B, HKM transfected with DNase I infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+heat-inactivated DNase I + B, HKM transfected with heat-inactivated DNase I infected with A. hydrophila; HKM+Antimycin A, HKM pre-incubated with Antimycin A.