FIGURE 2.

(A) A representative targeting protocol using a commercial prostate biopsy targeting platform (Dynacad, Philips Invivo Corps.). This protocol can also be found in Supporting Information Video S1. The 3D k_PL image series was named with the keyword “diffusion” to allow a fusion overlay, displaying k_PL as a pseudocolor over T₂-weighted series. The overlay was displayed side by side with T₂, ADC, and DCE maps, enabling the radiologist to correlate between series and outline 3D ROI for both ¹H PIRADS and ¹³C research biopsy targets. Whereas the recommended k_PL threshold for identifying potentially high-grade ¹³C lesions was set to 0.02(s⁻¹), the lowest value of the heatmap was set to 0.01 for display purposes. This is designed to provide radiologists context on the shape/size of the lesion. The corresponding k_PL scales is shown next to the original color bar. (B) Both clinical and research targets are transferred to a commercial TRUS-fusion biopsy platform (UroNav, Philips Invivo Corps.), where the research biopsy targets were counted as systematic biopsies. The urologist sampled these targets under TRUS fusion guidance during a biopsy session, assisted by TRUS-MRI fusion (left panel: US axial, top right: MR sagittal) and 3D-rendered segmentation (bottom right panel) of the prostate. The biopsied tissues were submitted for histopathology analyses. ¹H, proton; ROI, region of interest; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound.