TABLE 1.
Summary of the clinical characteristics and biopsy findings from 3 representative patients in this study. (The remaining 2 patients can be found in Supporting Information Table S1). All integrated 13C-1H mpMRI studies and the associated biopsies were safe and successful without adverse events. The median number of 13C targets was 1 (range: 1–2) per patient, measuring 1 cm (range:0.6–1.9) in diameter, with a median kPL of 0.0319 s−1 (range: 0.0198–0.0410). Low-grade cancer involvement was found in the cores corresponding to the 13C targets in 3 out of 5 patients. These findings were consistent with clinically low- to intermediate-risk disease
| Patient No. | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSA | 9.6 | 8.4 | 4.2 |
| UCSF CAPRA score | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Risk group | Low | Low | Intermediate |
| No. of 13C targets | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| kPL at 13C target(s−1) | 0.0378 (σ = 0.0050) | 0.0198 (σ = 0.0018) | 0.0325 (σ = NA) |
| No. of (+) cores/total cores in targeted + systematic biopsy | 4/17 | 5/18 | 10/18 |
| Overall grade | 3 + 3 | 3 + 3 | 3 + 4 |
| No. of (+) 13C cores/total 13C cores | 1/2 | 1/2 | 0/3 |
| 13C core grade | 3 + 3 | 3 + 3 | Benign |
1H, proton; 13C, carbon-13; kPL, pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate; mp MRI, multiparametric MRI; NA, nonapplicable; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; UCSF CAPRA score, University of California, San Francisco–Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score.