Fig 2. DNA translocase levels at damaged replication forks are rescued by the introduction of PARP1 in PARP1-KO cells.

(A)-(D) Distribution of HLTF, SHPRH, ZRANB3, and SMARCAL1 PLA foci in PARP1-KO, PAPR1-rescue, and PARP1-K893I expressing T24 cells. The pLNCX vectors carrying wild-type PARP1 or PARP1-K893I mutant were packaged into retrovirus particles in GP2-293 cell line. PARP1-KO T24 cells were infected with these retroviruses to stably express wild-type PARP1 or PARP1-K893I mutant. Retrovirus carrying the empty vector (vec) was used as the control. Cells were treated with 0.01% MMS for 1 hour. The association of each protein with replication forks was determined by the SIRF assay. At least 200 cells from each condition were measured. (Raw SIRF data in S2 Data).