Table 2. Multivariable-adjusted mean values (standard errors) and proportions of physical size according to the types of feeding at ages of 3, 6, 12, and 22 years.
Types of feeding | Boys | Girls | ||||
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Formula feeding | Mixed feeding | Breast feeding | Formula feeding | Mixed feeding | Breast feeding | |
Age of 3 years | ||||||
n | 946 | 648 | 664 | 804 | 574 | 654 |
Height, cm | 95.0 (0.11) | 95.0 (0.13) | 94.6 (0.13)** | 93.7 (0.11) | 93.8 (0.13) | 93.3 (0.12)* |
Weight, kg | 14.7 (0.05) | 14.8 (0.06) | 14.6 (0.06)† | 14.2 (0.06) | 14.2 (0.07) | 14.0 (0.06)* |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 16.3 (0.04) | 16.3 (0.05) | 16.3 (0.05) | 16.2 (0.04) | 16.1 (0.05) | 16.0 (0.05)† |
Overweight, % | 9.3 | 8.7 | 6.3* | 13.6 | 10.9 | 10.4† |
Age of 6 years | ||||||
n | 443 | 287 | 331 | 367 | 267 | 304 |
Height, cm | 114.0 (0.24) | 113.7 (0.28) | 114.0 (0.27) | 112.5 (0.27) | 112.9 (0.32) | 113.2 (0.30)† |
Weight, kg | 20.8 (0.18) | 20.7 (0.21) | 21.1 (0.20) | 20.2 (0.18) | 20.4 (0.21) | 20.4 (0.20) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 15.9 (0.10) | 16.0 (0.12) | 16.2 (0.11) | 15.9 (0.10) | 16.0 (0.12) | 15.9 (0.11) |
Overweight, % | 12.7 | 10.7 | 17.1 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 16.0 |
Age of 12 years | ||||||
n | 520 | 337 | 377 | 407 | 269 | 317 |
Height, cm | 155.2 (0.34) | 155.7 (0.42) | 155.1 (0.40) | 153.0 (0.27) | 153.5 (0.34) | 153.4 (0.31) |
Weight, kg | 46.2 (0.41) | 46.1 (0.51) | 46.0 (0.48) | 44.3 (0.38) | 45.2 (0.47) | 45.0 (0.44) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 19.1 (0.13) | 18.9 (0.16) | 19.0 (0.15) | 18.9 (0.13) | 19.1 (0.17) | 19.0 (0.15) |
Overweight, % | 19.9 | 15.1† | 18.4 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.6 |
Age of 22 years | ||||||
n | 306 | 222 | 243 | 283 | 191 | 214 |
Height, cm | 171.9 (0.30) | 171.8 (0.35) | 172.5 (0.34) | 158.6 (0.27) | 158.1 (0.33) | 158.6 (0.31) |
Weight, kg | 64.4 (0.56) | 63.5 (0.65) | 65.4 (0.63) | 51.9 (0.44) | 51.8 (0.54) | 51.4 (0.51) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.8 (0.18) | 21.5 (0.21) | 21.9 (0.20) | 20.6 (0.16) | 20.7 (0.20) | 20.4 (0.19) |
Overweight, % | 13.4 | 10.4 | 13.9 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 4.9 |
†P < 0.1, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with formula feeding tested using the analysis of covariance.
Adjusted for paternal and maternal height, weight, and occupation.