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. 2023 Feb 5;33(2):63–67. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20200562

Table 2. Multivariable-adjusted mean values (standard errors) and proportions of physical size according to the types of feeding at ages of 3, 6, 12, and 22 years.

Types of feeding Boys Girls


Formula feeding Mixed feeding Breast feeding Formula feeding Mixed feeding Breast feeding
Age of 3 years            
n 946 648 664 804 574 654
 Height, cm 95.0 (0.11) 95.0 (0.13) 94.6 (0.13)** 93.7 (0.11) 93.8 (0.13) 93.3 (0.12)*
 Weight, kg 14.7 (0.05) 14.8 (0.06) 14.6 (0.06) 14.2 (0.06) 14.2 (0.07) 14.0 (0.06)*
 Body mass index, kg/m2 16.3 (0.04) 16.3 (0.05) 16.3 (0.05) 16.2 (0.04) 16.1 (0.05) 16.0 (0.05)
 Overweight, % 9.3 8.7 6.3* 13.6 10.9 10.4
 
Age of 6 years            
n 443 287 331 367 267 304
 Height, cm 114.0 (0.24) 113.7 (0.28) 114.0 (0.27) 112.5 (0.27) 112.9 (0.32) 113.2 (0.30)
 Weight, kg 20.8 (0.18) 20.7 (0.21) 21.1 (0.20) 20.2 (0.18) 20.4 (0.21) 20.4 (0.20)
 Body mass index, kg/m2 15.9 (0.10) 16.0 (0.12) 16.2 (0.11) 15.9 (0.10) 16.0 (0.12) 15.9 (0.11)
 Overweight, % 12.7 10.7 17.1 15.9 16.2 16.0
 
Age of 12 years            
n 520 337 377 407 269 317
 Height, cm 155.2 (0.34) 155.7 (0.42) 155.1 (0.40) 153.0 (0.27) 153.5 (0.34) 153.4 (0.31)
 Weight, kg 46.2 (0.41) 46.1 (0.51) 46.0 (0.48) 44.3 (0.38) 45.2 (0.47) 45.0 (0.44)
 Body mass index, kg/m2 19.1 (0.13) 18.9 (0.16) 19.0 (0.15) 18.9 (0.13) 19.1 (0.17) 19.0 (0.15)
 Overweight, % 19.9 15.1 18.4 14.5 14.6 14.6
 
Age of 22 years            
n 306 222 243 283 191 214
 Height, cm 171.9 (0.30) 171.8 (0.35) 172.5 (0.34) 158.6 (0.27) 158.1 (0.33) 158.6 (0.31)
 Weight, kg 64.4 (0.56) 63.5 (0.65) 65.4 (0.63) 51.9 (0.44) 51.8 (0.54) 51.4 (0.51)
 Body mass index, kg/m2 21.8 (0.18) 21.5 (0.21) 21.9 (0.20) 20.6 (0.16) 20.7 (0.20) 20.4 (0.19)
 Overweight, % 13.4 10.4 13.9 7.6 6.8 4.9

P < 0.1, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with formula feeding tested using the analysis of covariance.

Adjusted for paternal and maternal height, weight, and occupation.