TABLE 4.
Complementary and alternative medical (CAM) modalities trialed.
| Trialed | Found helpful | Found unhelpful | |
| Dietary supplementsa | 25 (81%) | 14 (56%) | 7 (28%) |
| Massage therapyc | 25 (81%) | 21 (84%) | 4 (16%) |
| Acupuncturec | 20 (65%) | 4 (20%) | 13 (65%) |
| Chiropracticc | 20 (65%) | 7 (35%) | 9 (45%) |
| Mindfulnessb | 19 (61%) | 13 (68%) | 5 (26%) |
| Cannabis/CBDa | 15 (48%) | 12 (80%) | 2 (13%) |
| Relaxationd | 11 (35%) | 3 (27%) | 3 (27%) |
| Aroma therapyd | 11 (35%) | 8 (73%) | 3 (27%) |
| Yogad | 10 (32%) | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) |
| Pain coping skillsd | 9 (29%) | 6 (67%) | 3 (33%) |
| Ultrasoundc | 8 (26%) | 4 (50%) | 2 (25%) |
| Pulse magnetic padsc | 7 (23%) | 5 (71%) | 2 (29%) |
| Self-hypnotic relaxationb | 5 (16%) | 3 (60%) | 2 (40%) |
| Hypnosisb | 4 (13%) | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) |
| Laser therapyc | 4 (13%) | 2 (50%) | 1 (25%) |
| Low-energy neurofeedback systemd | 4 (13%) | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) |
| Qigongd | 4 (13%) | 3 (75%) | 0 (0%) |
Modalities trialed by four or more participants.
aNutritional.
bPsychological.
cPhysical.
dCombination of psychological and physical.