Table 4.
Matched unadjusted and adjusted analysis of substance-related diagnosis types associated with preterm and cesarean delivery among women with a documented delivery from a large healthcare system’s electronic health record from April 1, 2012 to September 30, 2019.
| Parameter | Yes | No | Odds ratio 95% (CI) | χ 2 | B | SE (B) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | χ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm delivery unadjusted matched cohort (n = 2158) | Preterm delivery adjusted matched cohort (n = 2097) | |||||||
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| Yes | 21 (7.5) | 88 (4.7) | 1.65 (1.01–2.70) | 3.95* | 0.23 | 0.13 | 1.58 (0.95–2.64) | 3.07 |
| No | 260 (92.5) | 1789 (95.3) | – | – | ||||
| Opioids | ||||||||
| Yes | 44 (15.7) | 170 (9.1) | 1.87 (1.31–2.68) | 11.78*** | 0.34 | 0.10 | 2.00 (1.37–2.90) | 13.10*** |
| No | 237 (84.3) | 1707 (90.9) | – | – | ||||
| Cannabis | ||||||||
| Yes | 53 (18.9) | 296 (15.8) | 1.25 (0.90–1.73) | 1.79 | ||||
| No | 227 (81.1) | 1582 (84.3) | – | |||||
| Stimulants | ||||||||
| Yes | 67 (23.8) | 232 (12.4) | 2.23 (1.64–3.03) | 26.26*** | 0.40 | 0.08 | 2.25 (1.64–3.09) | 25.13*** |
| No | 214 (76.2) | 1645 (87.6) | – | |||||
| Nicotine | ||||||||
| Yes | 56 (19.9) | 298 (15.9) | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) | 3.03 | ||||
| No | 225 (80.1) | 1579 (84.1) | – | |||||
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| Yes | 44 (5.3) | 65 (4.9) | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 0.14 | ||||
| No | 789 (94.7) | 1256 (95.1) | – | |||||
| Opioids | ||||||||
| Yes | 93 (11.2) | 121 (9.2) | 1.25 (0.94–1.66) | 2.29 | ||||
| No | 740 (88.8) | 1200 (90.8) | – | |||||
| Cannabis | ||||||||
| Yes | 136 (16.3) | 212 (16.1) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 0.03 | ||||
| No | 697 (83.7) | 1109 (84.0) | – | |||||
| Stimulants | ||||||||
| Yes | 157 (18.9) | 142 (10.8) | 1.93 (1.51–2.47) | 27.40*** | 0.22 | 0.69 | 1.54 (1.18–2.02) | 10.04*** |
| No | 676 (81.2) | 1179 (89.3) | – | – | ||||
| Nicotine | ||||||||
| Yes | 168 (20.2) | 184 (13.9) | 1.56 (1.24–1.97) | 14.41*** | 0.15 | 0.06 | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 5.94* |
| No | 665 (79.8) | 1137 (86.1) | – | |||||
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| Yes | 14 (8.4) | 95 (4.8) | 1.84 (1.03–3.30) | 4.17* | 0.30 | 0.15 | 1.82 (1.01–3.28) | 3.94* |
| No | 152 (91.6) | 1897 (95.2) | – | |||||
| Opioids | ||||||||
| Yes | 29 (17.5) | 185 (9.3) | 2.07 (1.35–3.17) | 11.05*** | 0.33 | 0.11 | 1.94 (1.26–2.98) | 9.00** |
| No | 137 (82.5) | 1807 (90.7) | – | |||||
| Cannabis | ||||||||
| Yes | 28 (16.9) | 321 (16.1) | 1.06 (0.70–1.61) | 0.06 | ||||
| No | 138 (83.1) | 1671 (83.9) | – | |||||
| Stimulants | ||||||||
| Yes | 35 (21.1) | 264 (13.3) | 1.75 (1.18–2.60) | 7.7** | 0.25 | 0.12 | 1.65 (1.12–2.45) | 6.08** |
| No | 131 (78.9) | 1728 (86.8) | – | – | ||||
| Nicotine | ||||||||
| Yes | 38 (22.9) | 316 (16.0) | 1.58 (1.08–2.31) | 5.44** | 0.22 | 0.10 | 1.54 (1.05–2.26) | 4.84* |
| No | 128 (77.1) | 1676 (84.1) | – | |||||
Notes: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; P-values based on Chi-square (χ2) tests of significance for categorical data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous data; B, standardized betas; SE (B), standard errors; CI, confidence interval.
Variable totals may not sum to column totals due to missing data. This table represents the results of 15 unadjusted and 15 adjusted regression models for the three outcomes: (1) preterm delivery, (2) cesarean delivery, (3) co-occurring preterm and cesarean delivery. As such, only the results from the individual multivariable regressions by substance type, not the covariates (e.g., age, BMI), are reported in this table.
P ≤ 0.05.
P ≤ 0.01.
P ≤ 0.001.