TABLE 2.
Comparison of the assessed parameters by BMI status (qualitative and quantitative variables).
| Parameter | BMI (kg/m2) | P-value | |||
|
|
|||||
| 18.5–24.9328 (24%) | 25.0–29.9502 (37%) | ≥30512 (38%) | |||
| Sex | Female | 153 (47%) | 194 (39%) | 221 (43%) | 0.066 |
| Male | 175 (53%) | 308 (61%) | 291 (57%) | ||
| NRS | <3 | 262 (83%) | 416 (93%) | 434 (98%) | <0.001* |
| ≥3 | 55 (17%) | 31 (7%) | 7 (2%) | ||
| Type of AF | Paroxysmal | 146 (45%) | 213 (42%) | 158 (31%) | <0.001* |
| Persistent | 109 (33%) | 194 (39%) | 287 (56%) | ||
| Permanent | 73 (22%) | 95 (19%) | 67 (13%) | ||
| EHRA class | I | 6 (9%) | 4 (3%) | 16 (9%) | 0.009 |
| IIa | 13 (19%) | 37 (26%) | 57 (32%) | ||
| IIb | 24 (34%) | 55 (39%) | 53 (30%) | ||
| III | 23 (33%) | 45 (32%) | 50 (28%) | ||
| IV | 4 (6%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | ||
| HF | No | 267 (81%) | 421 (84%) | 400 (78%) | 0.065 |
| Yes | 61 (19%) | 81 (16%) | 112 (22%) | ||
| DM | No | 280 (85%) | 396 (79%) | 386 (75%) | 0.002* |
| Yes | 48 (15%) | 106 (21%) | 126 (25%) | ||
| CKD | No | 267 (81%) | 441 (88%) | 454 (89%) | 0.006* |
| Yes | 61 (19%) | 61 (12%) | 58 (11%) | ||
| CS | No | 281 (86%) | 440 (88%) | 467 (91%) | 0.036* |
| Yes | 47 (14%) | 62 (12%) | 45 (9%) | ||
| HT | No | 165 (50%) | 212 (42%) | 202 (39%) | 0.007* |
| Yes | 163 (50%) | 290 (58%) | 310 (61%) | ||
| ACS | No | 286 (87%) | 454 (90%) | 461 (90%) | 0.289 |
| Yes | 42 (13%) | 48 (10%) | 51 (10%) | ||
| TD | No | 262 (80%) | 408 (81%) | 423 (83%) | 0.137 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 31 (9%) | 34 (7%) | 25 (5%) | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 35 (11%) | 60 (12%) | 64 (12%) | ||
| TG | <135 mg/dl | 261 (82%) | 327 (70%) | 287 (58%) | <0.001* |
| 135–200 mg/dl | 43 (14%) | 109 (23%) | 144 (29%) | ||
| >200 mg/dl | 12 (4%) | 35 (7%) | 66 (13%) | ||
| LDL | <70 mg/dl | 65 (21%) | 108 (23%) | 127 (26%) | 0.186 |
| 70–116 mg/dl | 143 (45%) | 184 (39%) | 185 (37%) | ||
| >116 mg/dl | 107 (34%) | 177 (38%) | 185 (37%) | ||
| HDL | <40 mg/dl | 45 (14%) | 123 (26%) | 154 (31%) | <0.001* |
| ≥40 mg/dl | 270 (86%) | 347 (74%) | 344 (69%) | ||
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 71.06 ± 13.45 | 68.69 ± 13.44 | 66.47 ± 9.71 | <0.001* |
| Median | 72.00 | 71.00 | 68.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 65.00–81.00 | 63.00–78.00 | 61.00–72.00 | ||
| LOHS (days) | Mean ± SD | 3.61 ± 3.57 | 3.40 ± 3.52 | 3.14 ± 2.90 | 0.128 |
| Median | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 2.00–5.00 | 1.00–4.00 | 1.00–4.00 | ||
| TG (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 101.54 ± 42.32 | 121.66 ± 57.16 | 138.20 ± 70.37 | <0.001* |
| Median | 90.00 | 109.00 | 123.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 72.00–119.50 | 84.00–146.00 | 91.00–166.00 | ||
| LDL (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 105.21 ± 44.37 | 109.04 ± 49.10 | 104.27 ± 44.73 | 0.250 |
| Median | 98.00 | 97.00 | 95.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 73.00–128.00 | 72.00–141.00 | 69.00–132.00 | ||
| HDL (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 53.83 ± 14.66 | 48.42 ± 12.46 | 46.33 ± 12.05 | <0.001* |
| Median | 52.00 | 47.00 | 45.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 43.00–63.00 | 39.00–57.00 | 38.00–54.00 | ||
| TC (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 169.21 ± 44.73 | 167.14 ± 46.75 | 165.11 ± 44.24 | 0.448 |
| Median | 160.00 | 157.00 | 95.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 137.00–198.00 | 133.00–196.00 | 69.00–132.00 | ||
| CRP (mg/L) | Mean ± SD | 5.28 ± 15.93 | 5.29 ± 14.06 | 7.13 ± 20.57 | 0.244 |
| Median | 1.41 | 1.60 | 2.02 | ||
| Quartiles | 0.74–3.78 | 0.83–3.45 | 1.18–5.02 | ||
| Albumin (g/dl) | Mean ± SD | 3.28 ± 0.70 | 3.50 ± 0.52 | 3.57 ± 0.59 | 0.320 |
| Median | 3.35 | 3.50 | 3.80 | ||
| Quartiles | 2.85–3.85 | 3.40–3.70 | 3.40–4.00 | ||
| Transferrin (g/L) | Mean ± SD | 2.48 ± 0.71 | 2.52 ± 0.61 | 2.65 ± 0.60 | 0.408 |
| Median | 2.43 | 2.54 | 2.52 | ||
| Quartiles | 2.04–2.90 | 2.16–2.88 | 2.23–3.16 | ||
| Lymphocytes (%) | Mean ± SD | 23.97 ± 9.87 | 27.08 ± 9.99 | 27.96 ± 8.80 | 0.021* |
| Median | 23.40 | 27.25 | 27.40 | ||
| Quartiles | 16.30–31.60 | 19.10–34.90 | 22.40–33.70 | ||
| PCT (ng/ml) | Mean ± SD | 0.72 ± 1.71 | 0.15 ± 0.30 | 1.56 ± 8.38 | 0.435 |
| Median | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08 | ||
| Quartiles | 0.04–0.57 | 0.02–0.16 | 0.04–0.22 | ||
| BNP (pg/ml) | Mean ± SD | 444.29 ± 668.86 | 331.55 ± 427.12 | 228.81 ± 287.89 | 0.003* |
| Median | 257.40 | 178.00 | 143.30 | ||
| Quartiles | 141.10–486.60 | 88.50–391.70 | 80.30–264.20 | ||
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | Mean ± SD | 3,128.16 ± 6,984.10 | 2,154.17 ± 4,593.89 | 1,428.10 ± 2,241.54 | 0.002* |
| Median | 1,135.30 | 925.75 | 742.90 | ||
| Quartiles | 317.40–2,534.50 | 325.40–2,103.75 | 314.50–1,544.80 | ||
| TSH (uIU/ml) | Mean ± SD | 1.69 ± 1.49 | 1.50 ± 0.98 | 1.68 ± 1.24 | 0.014* |
| Median | 2.98 | 3.03 | 2.94 | ||
| Quartiles | 2.64–3.23 | 2.69–3.30 | 2.56–3.27 | ||
| FT4 (ng/dl) | Mean ± SD | 1.39 ± 0.33 | 1.66 ± 2.44 | 1.41 ± 0.60 | 0.461 |
| Median | 1.38 | 1.32 | 1.33 | ||
| Quartiles | 1.15–1.57 | 1.08–1.49 | 1.23–1.47 | ||
| K (mmol/L) | Mean ± SD | 4.37 ± 0.50 | 4.38 ± 0.45 | 4.38 ± 0.44 | 0.998 |
| Median | 4.35 | 4.39 | 4.36 | ||
| Quartiles | 4.08–4.62 | 4.10–4.63 | 4.10–4.61 | ||
| Na (mmol/L) | Mean ± SD | 139.86 ± 3.00 | 140.05 ± 3.02 | 140.22 ± 2.75 | 0.223 |
| Median | 140.00 | 140.00 | 140.00 | ||
| Quartiles | 138.00–142.00 | 139.00–142.00 | 139.00–142.00 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | Mean ± SD | 5.95 ± 0.75 | 6.13 ± 0.85 | 6.26 ± 0.92 | <0.001* |
| Median | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.10 | ||
| Quartiles | 5.50–6.20 | 5.60–6.40 | 5.70–6.60 | ||
LOHS, length of hospital stay; N, number of patients; AF, atrial fibrillation; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; NRS, Nutritional Risk Score 2002; BMI, body mass index; HF, heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CS, cerebral stroke; HT, hypertension; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; TD, thyroid disease; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; K, potassium; Na, sodium; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; p, ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test + post hoc analysis (Dunn’s test) for quantitative variables, Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables.
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05).