Table 7.
Direct, indirect, and total effects of independent variables on LNHRDI_N.
| Variables | Direct effects | Indirect effects | Total effects | Spillover effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LNBD | 0.4942*** (8.29) | 0.0834 (0.91) | 0.5776*** (7.68) | No |
| LNGHE | 0.1188*** (3.00) | −0.1946** (−2.58) | −0.0758 (−1.09) | Yes |
| LNEP | −0.0321 (−0.88) | −0.1729** (−2.55) | −0.2049*** (−3.32) | Yes |
| LNUR | 0.7607*** (8.00) | 0.9080*** (5.47) | 1.6687*** (11.22) | Yes |
| LNGDP | 0.0578 (1.48) | 0.0171 (0.26) | 0.0749 (1.38) | No |
| LNEE | −0.0154 (−0.46) | −0.3681*** (−6.49) | −0.3834*** (−5.71) | Yes |
| LNPGA | −0.0171 (−0.59) | −0.0520 (−1.52) | −0.0691* (−1.87) | No |
*
P < 0.1,
**
P < 0.05,
***
P < 0.01.
BD: bed density per thousand people; GHE: government health expenditure per capita; EP: proportion of elderly population; UR: urbanization rate; EE: education expenditure per pupil; PGA: park green area per capita.