TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| MCI-stable | AD-convert | P-value | |
| N | 87 | 68 | – |
| Age (year) | 79.4 ± 5.7 | 80.3 ± 5.3 | 0.300 |
| Sex (Male %) | Male; 30, Female; 57 (34.5%) | Male; 18, Female; 50 (26.5%) | 0.300 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 22.3 ± 4.1 | 0.160 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.9 ± 18.7 | 133.8 ± 20.1 | 0.971 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.2 ± 13.7 | 71.1 ± 12.7 | 0.587 |
| APOEε4 (positive %) | negative; 65, positive; 22 (25.3%) | negative; 36, positive; 32 (47.1%) | 0.006 |
| MMSE | 27.5 ± 2.0 | 25.4 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| GDS-15 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 0.914 |
| Education (years) N (%) | ≤9; 33 (37.9%) | ≤9; 24 (35.3%) | 0.895 |
| 10–12; 35 (40.2%) | 10–12; 27 (39.7%) | ||
| >12; 19 (21.8%) | >12; 17 (25.0%) | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 0.867 |
| WBC (/μl) | 5365.5 ± 1536.4 | 5113.2 ± 1562.3 | 0.317 |
| RBC (×104/μl) | 420.2 ± 44.7 | 416.8 ± 45.7 | 0.649 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 13.2 ± 1.5 | 12.9 ± 1.3 | 0.272 |
| Ht (%) | 40.3 ± 4.0 | 39.6 ± 3.7 | 0.294 |
| MCV (fl) | 96.1 ± 5.2 | 95.3 ± 4.7 | 0.363 |
| MCH (pg) | 31.4 ± 2.1 | 31.1 ± 1.9 | 0.359 |
| MCHC (%) | 32.7 ± 0.9 | 32.6 ± 1.0 | 0.780 |
| PLT (×104/μl) | 22.9 ± 5.3 | 23.4 ± 4.8 | 0.547 |
| Insulin (μIl/ml) | 7.8 ± 7.6 | 6.3 ± 5.5 | 0.172 |
| TP (g/dl) | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 0.634 |
| HDLC (mg/dl) | 65.9 ± 17.6 | 66.8 ± 17.9 | 0.763 |
| LDLC (mg/dl) | 112.6 ± 23.9 | 126.0 ± 29.2 | 0.003 |
| Alb (g/dl) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 0.780 |
| Prealbumin (mg/dl) | 24.8 ± 4.5 | 24.0 ± 4.8 | 0.307 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.837 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 110.9 ± 26.1 | 107.3 ± 33.4 | 0.473 |
| TGs (mg/dl) | 104.1 ± 55.7 | 95.4 ± 53.6 | 0.324 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 16.8 ± 5.3 | 16.6 ± 4.4 | 0.778 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.612 |
| UA (mg/dl) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 0.057 |
| Ca (mg/dl) | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 0.4 | 0.881 |
| Fe (μg/dl) | 97.5 ± 34.3 | 92.5 ± 27.3 | 0.316 |
| AST (U/L) | 26.8 ± 16.4 | 24.4 ± 7.7 | 0.232 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.6 ± 13.5 | 17.4 ± 7.7 | 0.017 |
| γ-GTP (U/L) | 38.0 ± 40.7 | 22.7 ± 13.3 | 0.001 |
| Folate (ng/ml) | 9.9 ± 4.4 | 10.1 ± 4.6 | 0.812 |
Continuous variables (age, BMI, blood pressure, MMSE, GDS-15, and blood test) are described as the mean ± SD. Fisher’s exact test was performed for categorical variables (sex, APOEε4 allele, and education), and Welch’s t-test was performed for other variables. The following variables were partially missing (N of MCI-stable, N of AD-converted): BMI (5, 1), blood pressure (3, 0), CRP (5, 0), Ca (0, 1), and Fe (0, 1). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; GDS-15, Geriatric depression scale-15; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, hemoglobin; Ht, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelet count; TP, total protein; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Alb, albumin; CRP, C-reactive protein; TG, triglyceride; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; Ca, calcium; Fe, iron; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Bold text indicates statistical significance based on a p-value less than 0.05.