Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between survivors and non-survivors.
| Variables | Total (N = 539) | 28-dsurvivors (N = 486) | 28-d non-survivors (N = 53) | P - Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 57.0 (45.0, 71.0) | 56.0 (44.0, 69.0) | 71.0 (58.0, 81.0) | < 0.001 |
| Gender (%) | 0.842 | |||
| Female | 227 (42.1) | 204 (42) | 23 (43.4) | |
| Male | 312 (57.9) | 282 (58) | 30 (56.6) | |
| Ethnicity (%) | 0.009 | |||
| White | 329 (61.0) | 304 (62.6) | 25 (47.2) | |
| Black | 53 (9.8) | 50 (10.3) | 3 (5.7) | |
| Other | 157 (29.1) | 132 (27.2) | 25 (47.2) | |
| HR (beats/min) | 98.7 (85.3, 111.2) | 98.6 (85.1, 111.3) | 99.4 (86.9, 111.0) | 0.947 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.5 (108.4, 134.2) | 120.8 (109.1, 135.2) | 110.0 (102.1, 119.6) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.8 (59.0, 76.3) | 67.2 (59.4, 77.6) | 64.1 (54.5, 68.5) | 0.002 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 80.3 (72.8, 91.3) | 81.3 (73.3, 91.9) | 74.6 (70.0, 82.4) | < 0.001 |
| RR (beats/min) | 21.3 (18.4, 24.6) | 21.1 (18.2, 24.5) | 23.1 (20.7, 25.7) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA | 6.0 (3.0, 10.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 9.0) | 11.0 (8.0, 15.0) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressin, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 447 (82.9) | 425 (87.4) | 22 (41.5) | |
| Yes | 92 (17.1) | 61 (12.6) | 31 (58.5) | |
| Octreotide, n (%) | 0.357 | |||
| No | 506 (93.9) | 458 (94.2) | 48 (90.6) | |
| Yes | 33 (6.1) | 28 (5.8) | 5 (9.4) | |
| Statins, n (%) | 0.347 | |||
| No | 409 (75.9) | 366 (75.3) | 43 (81.1) | |
| Yes | 130 (24.1) | 120 (24.7) | 10 (18.9) | |
| Fibrates, n (%) | 0.236 | |||
| No | 505 (93.7) | 453 (93.2) | 52 (98.1) | |
| Yes | 34 (6.3) | 33 (6.8) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Metformin, n (%) | 1 | |||
| No | 523 (97.0) | 471 (96.9) | 52 (98.1) | |
| Yes | 16 (3.0) | 15 (3.1) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Ventilation, n (%) | 0.404 | |||
| No | 59 (10.9) | 55 (11.3) | 4 (7.5) | |
| Yes | 480 (89.1) | 431 (88.7) | 49 (92.5) | |
| CRRT, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 467 (86.6) | 441 (90.7) | 26 (49.1) | |
| Yes | 72 (13.4) | 45 (9.3) | 27 (50.9) | |
| ERCP, n (%) | 0.127 | |||
| No | 526 (97.6) | 476 (97.9) | 50 (94.3) | |
| Yes | 13 (2.4) | 10 (2.1) | 3 (5.7) | |
| AKI (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 376 (69.8) | 354 (72.8) | 22 (41.5) | |
| Yes | 163 (30.2) | 132 (27.2) | 31 (58.5) | |
| Sepsis (%) | 0.08 | |||
| No | 275 (51.0) | 254 (52.3) | 21 (39.6) | |
| Yes | 264 (49.0) | 232 (47.7) | 32 (60.4) | |
| Obesity (%) | 0.853 | |||
| No | 482 (89.4) | 435 (89.5) | 47 (88.7) | |
| Yes | 57 (10.6) | 51 (10.5) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 0.87 | |||
| No | 279 (51.8) | 251 (51.6) | 28 (52.8) | |
| Yes | 260 (48.2) | 235 (48.4) | 25 (47.2) | |
| RF (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 279 (51.8) | 264 (54.3) | 15 (28.3) | |
| Yes | 260 (48.2) | 222 (45.7) | 38 (71.7) | |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.072 | |||
| No | 355 (65.9) | 326 (67.1) | 29 (54.7) | |
| Yes | 184 (34.1) | 160 (32.9) | 24 (45.3) | |
| AF (%) | 0.22 | |||
| No | 422 (78.3) | 384 (79) | 38 (71.7) | |
| Yes | 117 (21.7) | 102 (21) | 15 (28.3) | |
| HF (%) | 0.003 | |||
| No | 437 (81.1) | 402 (82.7) | 35 (66) | |
| Yes | 102 (18.9) | 84 (17.3) | 18 (34) | |
| RBC (m/uL) | 3.8 (3.3, 4.4) | 3.9 (3.3, 4.5) | 3.7 (3.3, 4.3) | 0.201 |
| WBC (K/uL) | 12.6 (9.0, 18.0) | 12.6 (9.1, 18.0) | 14.4 (7.6, 17.9) | 0.970 |
| RDW (%) | 14.5 (13.6, 15.7) | 14.4 (13.5, 15.6) | 15.2 (14.2, 16.3) | 0.001 |
| Platelets (K/uL) | 195.0 (141.5, 259.0) | 196.5 (142.0, 259.5) | 192.0 (124.0, 249.0) | 0.355 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 118.1 ± 24.8 | 118.7 ± 25.1 | 112.9 ± 21.6 | 0.105 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 8.6 (5.0, 14.4) | 9.0 (5.0, 14.6) | 7.6 (5.0, 11.4) | 0.175 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35.8 ± 7.1 | 35.9 ± 7.2 | 35.0 ± 6.4 | 0.378 |
| TBIL (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.6, 2.4) | 1.0 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.334 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 45.0 (23.0, 140.5) | 45.5 (23.0, 136.0) | 44.0 (23.0, 142.6) | 0.766 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.4 (5.8, 10.2) | 7.4 (5.8, 10.2) | 6.9 (5.6, 9.2) | 0.440 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.7) | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.0 (12.0, 33.5) | 19.0 (12.0, 32.0) | 33.0 (17.0, 53.0) | < 0.001 |
| AG (mEq/L) | 16.0 (13.0, 19.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 19.0) | 17.0 (13.0, 22.0) | 0.176 |
| PT (s) | 14.2 (12.7, 16.4) | 14.1 (12.6, 16.0) | 15.8 (13.5, 19.4) | 0.001 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 0.001 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 (3.6, 4.5) | 4.0 (3.6, 4.5) | 4.3 (3.8, 5.1) | 0.030 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.0 (135.0, 142.0) | 139.0 (135.0, 141.8) | 139.0 (137.0, 143.0) | 0.111 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.0 (7.3, 8.6) | 8.0 (7.4, 8.6) | 7.8 (7.1, 8.5) | 0.370 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 29.8 ± 6.2 | 30.1 ± 6.1 | 26.5 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.6) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.6) | < 0.001 |
| LAR (×10-1) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 1.2 (0.6, 1.9) | < 0.001 |
HR, Heart Rate; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; MBP, Mean Blood Pressure; RR, Respiratory Rate; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CRRT, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; ERCP, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; AKI, Acute Kidney Injury; RF, Respiratory Failure; AF, Atrial Fibrillation; HF, Heart Failure; RBC, Red Blood Cell; WBC; White Blood Cell; RDW, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width; TBIL, Total Bilirubin; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen; AG, Anion Gap; PT, Prothrombin Time; INR, International Normalized Ratio; LAR, Lactate/Albumin Ratio. P - value less than 0.05 is expressed in bold.