Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Dec 14;13:1016377. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1016377

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Hatchwell, Smith, Jalilzadeh, Bruno, Taoufik, Hendel-Chavez, Liblau, Brassat, Martin-Blondel, Wiendl, Schwab, Cortese, Monaco, Imberti, Capra, Oksenberg, Gasnault, Stankoff, Richmond, Rancour, Koralnik, Hanson, Major, Chow and Eis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Case and control recruitment and study design. (A) Prior study for genetic discovery and validation using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), 669 candidate immune response genes, and gnomAD 2.1 (WES + WGS) population controls (45). (B) New recruitment of PML cases and matched controls (JCV+ MS patients exposed to a PML-linked drug ≥2 years). All PML cases and matched controls were genotyped for the prior study's 19 candidate PML risk variants. Matched controls without JCV serostatus were assayed (see Methods). Excluded cases: four were found to be duplicates of the prior study (see Methods). Excluded controls: 152 JCV seronegative (JCV-) patients; one QC failure for genotyping assays due to low quality DNA. (C) Drug-exposed analysis is the pooled subgroup (n = 110) of total PML cases (n = 336) compared to matched controls. Drug-exposed study results are reported in Tables 2, 5 and genes for the top 4 variants are listed.