Table 1.
Baseline demographics across TDA clusters.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 129) | Cluster 1 (N = 50) | Cluster 2 (N = 64) | Cluster 3 (N = 15) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender—no. (%) | 86(66.7%) | 31(62%) | 41(64.1%) | 14(93.3%) | 0.06† |
| Age—years, median (IQR) | 41.3 (30.1, 56) | 51.8 (37.3, 65) | 37.1 (28.05, 49.55) | 36.3 (24.6, 55.2) | < 0.001ǂ |
| Race or ethnic group—no. (%) | 0.01† | ||||
| White | 81 (62.8) | 30 (60.0) | 43 (67.2) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Black | 31 (24.0) | 16 (32.0) | 12 (18.8) | 3 (20.0) | |
| Other | 6 (4.7) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (7.8) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Asian | 5 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.7) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Native American | 3 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Native Hawaiian | 3 (2.3) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Ethnicity—no. (%) | 0.88† | ||||
| Hispanic or Latinx | 31(24) | 13(26) | 15(23.4) | 3(20) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)—median (IQR) | 0 (0, 2) | 2 (2, 3) | 0 (0, 0.5) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.009ǂ |
| Body mass index—kg/m2, median (IQR) | 30 (27, 34) | 33.5 (29, 37) | 28 (25, 31) | 28 (25, 31) | < 0.001ǂ |
| Days post-symptom onset—median (IQR) | 21.0 (18.0, 25.0) | 20 (17.0, 25.0) | 21.0 (19.0, 25.5) | 22.0 (21.0, 25.0) | 0.16ǂ |
| Hospitalization at timepoint—no. (%) | < 0.001ǁ | ||||
| ICU | 10(7.8) | 9(18) | 1(1.6) | 0 | |
| Inpatient | 28(21.7) | 16(32) | 7(10.9) | 5(33.3) | |
| Outpatient | 91(70.5) | 25(50) | 56(87.5) | 10(66.7) | |
| Peak severity—no. (%) | < 0.001ǁ | ||||
| Death | 5 (3.9) | 5 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| ICU | 16 (12.4) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (4.7) | 3 (20.0) | |
| Inpatient | 31 (24.0) | 18 (36.0) | 9 (14.1) | 4 (26.7) | |
| Outpatient | 77 (59.7) | 17 (34.0) | 52 (81.3) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Peak oxygen requirement—no. (%) | < 0.001ǁ | ||||
| None | 87 (67.4) | 23 (26.4) | 55 (63.2) | 9 (10.3) | |
| Low-flow nasal cannula | 23 (17.8) | 13 (48.1) | 7 (10.9) | 3 (20.0) | |
| HFNC or NIPPV | 14 (10.9) | 11 (40.7) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (13.3) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 (3.9) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (6.6) | |
| Systemic steroid use—no. (%) | 5 (3.9) | 5 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
IQR: interquartile range; HFNC: high flow nasal cannula; NIPPV: non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.
†Chi-square test.
ǂMann Whitney U test.
ǁFischer’s Exact test.