Fig. 9.
(A–C) Line profiles of the velocity along the stage translation direction (x) and viscosity, from the bottom to the top of the bath, 1.5 mm behind the nozzle after 1 s of flow, where the surface tension is 0 mJ m−2. The plateau viscosity is used for the viscosity ratio in Herschel–Bulkley fluids. (A) Newtonian ink and support. (B) Herschel–Bulkley ink and Newtonian support. The ink plateau viscosity is 101 Pa s. (C) Newtonian ink and Herschel–Bulkley support. The support plateau viscosity is 102 Pa s. (D and E) Speed (i) and viscosity (ii, iii) cross-sections in the y–z plane (i, ii) and x–z plane (iii) for a Newtonian ink and Herschel–Bulkley support with a plateau viscosity of 102 Pa s at an ink viscosity of (D) 101 Pa s and (E) 10−1 Pa s. Dashed lines indicate locations of slices and of line profiles. White regions indicate the ink–support interface and nozzle.