Table 4.
Association of neighborhood disadvantage (continuous) with dementia and mortality risks in comparison cohorts, overall and stratified by sex.
| Cohort | Total |
Female |
Male |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | |
| Dementia | ||||||
| Non-refugee immigrants | 0.94 | (0.84, 1.05) | 0.98 | (0.85, 1.13) | 0.87 | (0.71, 1.06) |
| Western | 1.03 | (0.90, 1.18) | 1.12 | (0.93, 1.34) | 0.94 | (0.75, 1.18) |
| Non-Western | 0.97 | (0.81, 1.16) | 0.99 | (0.79, 1.23) | 0.88 | (0.61, 1.27) |
| Native-born Danes | 1.06 | (1.00, 1.14) | 1.07 | (1.00,1.14) | 1.07 | (0.98,1.16) |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Non-refugee immigrants | 1.06 | (1.02, 1.10) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) | 1.10 | (1.05, 1.16) |
| Western | 1.07 | (1.02, 1.12) | 0.99 | (0.92, 1.07) | 1.12 | (1.04, 1.20) |
| Non-Western | 1.09 | (1.03, 1.16) | 1.09 | (1.01, 1.17) | 1.10 | (1.01, 1.20) |
| Native-born Danes | 1.11 | (1.06, 1.17) | 1.10 | (1.05, 1.16) | 1.12 | (1.07, 1.18) |
Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval.
Notes: N = 12,259 non-refugee immigrants aged 40 and older at arrival during 1986–1998 and N = 45,789 matched native-born Danes. Estimates are from Cox proportional hazards models with neighborhood disadvantage as a continuous exposure. All models are adjusted for age, sex, country/region of origin (only for non-refugee immigrants), number of family members, marital status, and fixed effects (i.e., indicator variables) for the year of arrival and municipality.