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. 2022 Dec 27;13:531. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03209-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of AA and GW on mitochondrial respiratory capacity and substrate flexibility of iPSC-CMs. Experiments were performed using D27 iPSC-CMs line UKKi036-C. a Relative oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cells at day 27 of differentiation after sequential administration of oligomycin (ATP synthase inhibitor), FCCP (uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria), and antimycin A and Rotenone (electron transport chain blockers) normalized to last value of basal respiration (baseline, red arrow). b OCR (pmol/min) for basal respiration (CTRL: 87.91 versus AA 152.07 and GW 39.25 p = 0.0217), ATP production (CTRL: 60.63 versus AA 109.03 and GW 14.7 p = 0.0882), proton leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. Ordinary one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate statical significance. c Relative extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) normalized to baseline (red arrow) of iPSC-CMs cultured in the Seahorse medium with L-glutamine. Addition of ETO and 2DG block the FAO and glucose-dependent glycolysis, respectively. d Relative ECAR normalized to baseline (red arrow) of iPSC-CMs cultured in the Seahorse medium without L-glutamine