TABLE 3.
MMAT quality assessment ratings of all included studies, table adapted from Li et al. (2020)
| Qualitative | 1.1. Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? | 1.2. Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? | 1.3. Are the findings adequately derived from the data? | 1.4. Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? | 1.5. Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis and interpretation? | MMAT criteria satisfied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paradis‐Gagné and Pariseau‐Legault (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100% |
| Paradis‐Gagné et al. (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100% |
| Poulton et al. (2006) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100% |
| Seiler and Moss (2012) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100% |
| Quantitative randomized controlled trials | 2.1. Is randomization appropriately performed? | 2.2. Are the groups comparable at baseline? | 2.3. Are there complete outcome data? | 2.4. Are outcome assessors blinded to the intervention provided? | 2.5 Did the participants adhere to the assigned intervention? | MMAT criteria satisfied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nyamathi, Branson, et al., 2012 | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | 40% |
| Nyamathi et al. (2009) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | 80% |
| Nyamathi et al. (2006) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | 80% |
| Quantitative non‐randomized | 3.1. Are the participants representative of the target population? | 3.2. Are measurements appropriate about both the outcome and intervention (or exposure)? | 3.3. Are there complete outcome data? | 3.4. Are the confounders accounted for in the design and analysis? | 3.5. During the study period, is the intervention administered (or exposure occurred) as intended? | MMAT criteria satisfied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dorney‐Smith (2011) | Yes | Cannot tell | No | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | 20% |
| Dorney‐Smith (2007) | Cannot tell | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 60% |
| Murphy et al. (2015) | Yes | Yes | No | Cannot tell | Yes | 60% |
| Segan et al. (2015) | Yes | Cannot tell | No | No | Yes | 40% |
| Quantitative descriptive | 4.1. Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? | 4.2. Is the sample representative of the target population? | 4.3. Are the measurements appropriate? | 4.4. Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? | 4.5. Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question? | MMAT criteria satisfied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hooke et al. (2001) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100% |
| Muirhead et al. (2011) | Yes | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | No | 20% |
| Nyamathi, Marlow, et al. (2012) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | 80% |
| Nyamathi et al. (2008) | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | 60% |
| Savage et al. (2008) | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | Cannot tell | Yes | 60% |
| Mixed methods | 5.1. Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed methods design to address the research question? | 5.2. Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question? | 5.3. Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted? | 5.4. Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed? | 5.5. Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved? | MMAT criteria satisfied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goeman et al. (2019) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 80% |
| McGregor et al. (2018) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 80% |
| Roche et al. (2018) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 80% |