TABLE 2.
Overview of the studies processed for data extraction
| Author publication year | Design blind follow up #participants (end) | Participants characteristics diagnosis gender age, mean (SD) | Treatment groups | Original authors' conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| El‐Sharkawy et al. (2010) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 6 months | Untreated advanced chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (1000 mg) + aspirin 3 t.i.d. + 81 mg aspirin | The results of this preliminary clinical study suggest that dietary supplementation with ω‐3 fatty acids and 81 mg aspirin may provide a sustainable, low‐cost intervention to augment periodontal therapy |
| 80 (80) | ?♂/?♀ No statistic difference between gender | CG: SRP + placebo | ||
| Mean age: 45.15 (8.0) | ||||
| Elkhouli (2011) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 6 months | Moderate advanced chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 (1 g) 3 t.i.d. + 75 mg aspirin | The findings suggest that the combination therapy demonstrated successful reduction of gingival inflammation, reduction of pocket depth and attachment level gain, accompanied by a trend for modulation of the cytokines profile in gingival crevicular fluid |
| 40 (40) | 25♂/15♀ | CG: SRP + placebo (300 g) 3 t.i.d. | ||
| Mean age: 42.6 (9.7) | ||||
| Deore et al. (2014) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 3 months | Generalized chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (180 mg EPA 120 mg DHA) | The findings suggest that ω‐3 fatty acids can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ω‐3 fatty acids may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctive management of chronic periodontitis |
| 60 (58) | ?♂/?♀ No statistic difference between gender | CG: SRP + placebo (300 mg liquid paraffin) | ||
| Mean age: 44.9 (5.05) | ||||
| Salman et al. (2014) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 3 months | Chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (1000 mg) | The results of this study suggest that dietary supplementation with ω‐3 may provide a sustainable, low‐cost intervention to augment periodontal therapy |
| 50 (50) | 50♂/0♀ | CG: SRP + placebo | ||
| Mean age: ? | ||||
| Age range: 30–60 | ||||
| Martinez et al. (2014) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 12 months | Generalized chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (120 mg EPA 180 mg DHA) 3 t.i.d. | There was no effect on the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy with ω‐3 supplementation observed |
| 15 (15) | 6♂/9♀◊ | CG: SRP + placebo 3 t.i.d. | ||
| Mean age: 44.6 (17.6) | ||||
| Keskiner et al. (2017) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 6 months | Chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (6.25 mg EPA 19.19 mg DHA) 2 t.i.d. | The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with low‐dose ω‐3 fatty acids improves salivary TNF‐alpha without any significant impact on clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis, suggesting that the systemic benefits of dietary ω‐3 fatty acids may not translated into periodontal health |
| 60 (60) | 16♂/14♀ | CG: SRP + placebo 2 t.i.d. | ||
| Mean age: 41.7 (7.7) | ||||
|
Umrania et al. (2017) |
RCT, parallel, double blind, 3 months | Advanced chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (700 mg) | Even though adjunct therapy with ω‐3 fatty acids can modulate cytokine levels and show pro‐resolution properties, its importance on clinical outcome may be controversial. Thus, this may be used as an adjunctive management of chronic periodontitis |
| 40 (40) | 25♂/15♀ | CG: SRP + placebo | ||
| Mean age: 43.75 (6.12) | ||||
| Elgendy and Kazem (2018) | RCT, parallel, double blind, 6 months | Generalized chronic periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (2000 mg) | Dietary supplementation with ω‐3 fatty acids may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in adjunctive management of chronic periodontitis in postmenopausal women, especially in patients with periodontal pockets |
| 50 (50) | 0♂/50♀ | CG: SRP + placebo (olive oil) | ||
| Mean age: 50.84 (3.2) | ||||
| Kujur et al. (2020) | RCT, parallel, single blind | Chronic moderate periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (1000 mg) | Adjunctive use of ω‐3 fatty acids proved to be beneficial over scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic moderate periodontitis. The beneficial effects were in terms of significant improvements in clinical parameters, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level and gingival index. Hence, ω‐3 fatty acid may be used routinely in the management of chronic periodontitis |
| ?♂/?♀ | CG: SRP | |||
| Mean age: 45 years | ||||
| Age range: 30–60 | ||||
| Stańdo et al. (2020) | RCT, parallel, single blind | Generalized stage III and IV periodontitis | TG: SRP + ω‐3 fatty acids (2600 mg EPA 1800 mg DHA) | Dietary intervention with high dose of ω‐3 PUFA during non‐surgical therapy may have potential benefits in the management of periodontitis |
| 16♂/14♀ | CG: SRP | |||
|
Mean age: 49.0 (10.59) years |
||||
| Age range: ? |
Abbreviations: CG, control group; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; RCT, randomized controlled clinical trial; SRP, surgical periodontal therapy; TG, test group; ω‐3, omega‐3 fatty acids.