FIGURE 2.

Intranasal administration of dog allergen extracts induces differentiation of both T_H2 and T_H17 cells. (A) PBS (open square), HDM (blue square) or dog allergen extracts (red circle) were administered to C57Bl6/J mice and the number of eosinophils and neutrophils was quantified (C57Bl6/J PBS n = 3, C57Bl6/J dog n = 3, Rag1 ^−/− dog n = 4). (B) Number of CD4⁺ CD44⁺ cells in the BAL (PBS n = 5, HDM = 12, dog allergen extracts n = 11). (C) Graphs of frequency of Foxp3⁺ cells among total CD4⁺ cells from the BAL, lung and mLN (BAL: HDM = 8, dog allergen extracts n = 8; lung and mLN PBS n = 8, HDM = 13, dog allergen extracts n = 11). (D) Graphs of the frequency of IL‐5⁺ IL‐13⁺, IL‐17⁺ and IFN‐γ⁺ cells among total CD4⁺ cells from the BAL (HDM = 14, dog allergen extracts n = 14). (E) Graphs of the frequency of IL‐5⁺ IL‐13⁺, IL‐17⁺ and IFN‐γ⁺ cells among total CD4⁺ cells from the lung (PBS n = 3, HDM = 8, dog allergen extracts n = 6). (F) ELISAs were performed on the serum of mice. Dog allergen‐specific and HDM‐specific IgG1 and total IgE graphs are the representative of 3 experiments (PBS n = 3, HDM = 5, dog allergen extracts n = 3). Can f 1‐specific IgG1 and IgE was also tested at a 1:3 dilution (PBS n = 4, HDM = 4, dog allergen extracts n = 4). (G) Regimen of intranasal administration with one additional challenge on day fifteen, three hours before harvesting organs, number of neutrophils from the BAL (PBS n = 5, HDM = 9, dog allergen extracts n = 9). N.D. Denotes not determined due to low cell numbers. One‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post‐test was performed except to compare frequencies of cytokine⁺ cells in the airways, where Mann–Whitney U test was used *p < .05, p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001